Responsible Executive Compensation for a New Era of Accountability Essa

Pay and the Chief Executive Officer Official pay has gone under expanding examination in late writing in the wake of the developing exposure encompassing administrative disappointments and official personal responsibility. Monetary specialists have for quite some time been analyzing the issue of adjusting the presentation of officials to their pay rates and advantages. Open discontent with the obvious top-greatness of the pay structure has carried this issue into the spotlight all through the business world. Specialists point to the defects of customary installment plans and offer various arrangements. Investor esteem and the achievement of the firm can be fundamentally influenced by official execution. Consequently, understanding the focal points and expenses of the present patterns in official pay is essential to the pay advisory group of a Fortune 500 partnership. The remuneration advisory group has a troublesome assignment upon its shoulders. It must build pay programs that draw in and hold the best ability to address the individual organization’s needs. It must structure a procedure that creates predominant returns for financial specialists, properly measure administrative execution, and organization a compensation practice which is reasonable for the two workers and investors and which truly drives business results (Mercer p.4). There is copious hypothesis and research on the techniques thought to achieve these objectives, and the rising patterns in official pay appear to be profoundly effective. The developing open reactions of ultra-high official compensation are not unwarranted. As indicated by Mr. Meizhu Lui, â€Å"the proportion of CEO pay as a numerous of normal specialist pay has developed hugely, from 41 to 1 of every 1960 to 411 to 1... ...a Resource Consulting. (Jan. 26, 2004). â€Å"Responsible Executive Compensation for a New Era of Accountability.† Perspective. Recovered October 14, 2006, from http://www.mercerHR.com/responsibleEC Mercer Human Resource Consulting. (Aug. 9, 2004.). Handling the Challenge of Aligning Pay with Performance. Point of view. Recovered October 14, 2006, from http://www.mercerHR.com/point of view. Parrino, Robert. (2002). Rewrapping the bundle: Managerial motivators and corporate administration. Texas Business Review, 1(5). Recovered Sept. 27, 2006, from the Business and Company Resource Center database. Traichal, Patrick A., George W. Gallinger, and Steve A. Johnson. (1999). The connection between pay-for-execution contracting and outside observing. Administrative Finance, 68(21). Recovered Sept. 27, 2006, from the Business and Company Resource Center database.

Existentialism in Camus and Kafka Essay

Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis and Albert Camus’ The Outsider, both element heroes in circumstances out of which emerge existentialist qualities. Existentialism is a way of thinking that underscores the uniqueness and separation of the individual involvement with a threatening or aloof universe, sees human presence as unexplainable, and stresses opportunity of decision and duty regarding the results of one’s acts. In The Metamorphosis the hero, Gregor Samsa, understands his existentialism towards the finish of the novella. Interestingly, Monsieur Meursault, the hero in The Outsider, is aware of his existentialism, just understanding his life’s absence of significance minutes after he is condemned to death. In spite of the to some degree ridiculous nature of The Metamorphosis, and the practical idea of The Outsider, comparative qualities are imparted to the peruser. The least demanding to choose being that it is dependent upon the person to make his/her own life, and that the brutal conduct introduced by the two heroes will in the long run lead to awful things; to be specific demise in the two novellas. These passings are, be that as it may, altogether different, just like the techniques through which Kafka and Camus have made every novel only 'a way of thinking put into images’. Meursault (the storyteller) in The Stranger just observes and just needs to see the unadulterated truth in the public arena. The reader’s first experience with him†¦ Mama kicked the bucket today. Or on the other hand yesterday perhaps, I don’t know. I got a message from the home: â€Å"Mother perished. Burial service tomorrow. Dependably yours. † That doesn’t mean anything. Perhaps it was yesterday. †¦ quickly gives an impression of an absence of feeling towards the downfall of his mom. This absence of feeling features the existentialist perfect that we as a whole bite the dust, so it doesn’t matter what life we have while we are alive. We essentially exist, as did Meursault. It gets obvious, as the novella unfurls, that Meursault has procured a creature like lack of interest towards society. His connections with his neighbor Raymond are a case of his lacks of interest. It never sunrises upon Meursault that society doesn't approve his connections with the pimp, kept away from by his locale. Meursault basically acts to occupy his time. Being a solitary man, he has a ton of time to fill, and finds the ends of the week passing especially gradually. While the scene passes gradually before Meursault, Camus’ content streams rapidly. He utilizes short sharp sentences to pass on a climate without feeling or feeling. This is particularly compelling between pages 21 and 24, toward the finish of section two, when Meursault is giving a graphic story of the life outside his window on a normal Sunday. He parts of the bargains '†¦ one more Sunday was over†¦ nothing had changed. ‘ Existentialism is available in almost all of Meursault’s cooperations with society. One such bit of proof supporting Meursault’s existentialism is his communication with Marie. His affiliation is simply sexual and physical. Meursault utilizes Marie to assist him with sitting back: he goes through a whole Saturday with her. At the point when examined regarding adoration and marriage, Meursault’s answers show lack of concern through their nothingness. Meursault is existentialist to the degree that he couldn’t care less about the way his life (or absence of one) takes. The peruser is continually barraged with short expressions uncovering perpetually Meursault’s useless point of view toward a useless presence. Instances of this come as Meursault keeping himself to just one room in his condo, his obliviousness to social desires, his careless recognizable proof with old Salamano and his pooch, and in particular his negligence for human life and the ramifications for its expulsion. As referenced in the above meaning of existentialism, it focuses on the duty regarding ones own activities. When Meursault comes to preliminary for slaughtering the Arab, he at last understands that he can’t assume the liability. This is the principle defining moment undoubtedly in The Outsider. Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis is similarly as philosophical. The novella is composed as a representation, with a solid feeling of distinctive authenticity. The allegory is for any circumstance wherein somebody attempts to break free shape a social standard, just to fall; neglecting to persuade the general public that his/her activity is simply. The hero, Gregor Samsa, brought society against him when he scrutinized his life as a voyaging sales rep. Social desires had taken care of him, yet he chose, despite the fact that the peruser may accept subliminally, that it was not the spot for him. His desire to expel every social weight from his shoulders is first delineated to him through his change into a 'tremendous vermin. ‘ The hero was the storyteller in The Outsider, a man who recounted to the account of his downfall from existentialism, just to discover he required an actual existence not long before his odds were removed. The Metamorphosis, then again, is described on the third individual, where the peruser gets a fair perspective on Gregor Samsa’s endeavors to get existentialist. Where Camus utilized short 'to the point’ articulations to show existentialism, Kafka has filled his novella with brilliant engaging strict language, trying to bring up the profundity in any circumstance, for example, Gregor’s many wriggling legs, his representation of his room getting ever littler and perpetually flat, and the clear nature with which the deadly apple becomes held up in Gregor’s back and in the end permits him to pass on. The Outsider’s Meursault is existentialist, finding a requirement for an importance to life just when his is going to be taken. In The Metamorphosis, Gregor Samsa, then again, has a significance to his life, and wishes it away. The steady move towards existentialism in Kafka’s novella runs all through, from the second Gregor awakens as a bug; until the second he breaths no more. Gregor shows that he realizes his life has meaning when toward the start of the novella he is progressively worried about how he will satisfy his social reason than what he will do about being a bug. Albert Camus said that 'we start living before getting the propensity for intuition. In that race which day by day rushes us towards death, the body keeps up its unsalvageable lead. ?In The Metamorphosis, Gregor considers his position, tossing his body into alarm, inevitably prompting his passing. As Gregor is additionally avoided by society for not acclimating, spoke to in the novella significantly by Gregor being a compost insect among people, he begins to overlook any sliver of importance his life can have. He looks past his space for an importance to life, however the further he contemplates, the harder society hits him. 'You will never be cheerful in the event that you keep on looking for what satisfaction comprises of. You will never live on the off chance that you are searching for the significance of life. ?Gregor understood his existentialism taking him over, as he gave his life to the fate he had for it made. Having perused the two novellas, a peruser could arrive at the decision that both component a positive topic of existentialism, while The Outsider is focused on a hero who perceives the need to change from existentialism, and The Metamorphosis around one that perceives existentialism’s nearness in the public eye. Toward the finish of each, the hero either bites the dust or is anticipating passing. The passings are realized by a predetermination the Meursault thought he couldn’t change, and Gregor brought upon himself. Meursault acknowledged past the point of no return that he wouldn’t have the option to assume liability for his activities. It was just when he was constrained by the preliminary to dive into his memory (something that he had little use for as an existentialist) that he perceived how he had formed his own end. Life had importance to him at that point, and his was: †¦ just to wish that there be an enormous horde of observers the day of my execution and that they welcome me with cries of detest. Gregor Samsa permitted his life to end after understanding that he was liberated from society, yet in addition that existentialism rendered him pointless. Prior to his demise, his 'apathy to everything was excessively profound for him to have jumped on his back and scoured himself clean†¦ ?From Gregor’s perspective, Franz Kafka was right in saying 'A first indication of the start of comprehension is the desire to bite the dust. ‘ The finish of The Outsider sees a man prepared to begin once more, however prepared past the point of no return. The finish of The Metamorphosis, in any case, serves not exclusively to permit the Samsa family an opportunity to begin once more, yet additionally to feature that in any event, following Gregor’s horrendous experience his family will get Gregor’s sister through a similar procedure that lead Gregor to his demise. Gregor’s sister’s life is given an importance, and the peruser frequently trusts that she remembers it and regards it. The Metamorphosis features that one must take part in social collaboration to have an importance throughout everyday life, while depicting the dreary misery of an actual existence dictated by social association. The Outsider, then again, follows a thought that unobtrusively not adjusting will just damage oneself. An existentialist may contend that to hurt oneself would not make any difference, in harming oneself (particularly the manner by which Meursault did by executing the Arab); one is giving one’s life a significance. Regardless of whether that importance is fortitude, the desolation will in any case end one day, as it is bound to, expelling all significance from all life. The two novellas give a legitimate blueprint of existentialism, and give, in the two cases, existentialism the negative property that it prompts passing. The creators were both exceptionally respected by their individual friends. Camus was existentialist, and Camus alluded to Kafka as an absurdist-existentialist. Both have delivered works uncovering the troubling truth of existentialism, yet not one or the other

Snuff Types and Health Risks

Snuff Types and Health Risks Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes Print Snuff Types and Health Risks By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on February 22, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 11, 2020 Bill Hinton Photography/Moment Open/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Snuff comes in a dry form and in a wet or moist form.  Additionally, there is a creamy snuff,  which is less popular than the other forms. Dry Snuff Dry snuff is a powdered tobacco product that involves curing or fermenting selected tobacco leaves which are then ground down into a fine powder. Traditional  fine snuff was a product that highlighted the taste of different tobacco blends only, but most of what is sold today have a scent or flavor added as well. Common flavors include coffee, chocolate, plum, camphor, cinnamon, rose, mint, honey, vanilla, cherry, orange, apricot. Even flavors like whiskey, bourbon, and cola can be found. Most snuff is then tucked away for a period of time to allow the flavors to settle and develop before being  sold. Dry snuff is snorted or sniffed into the nasal cavity, where it sends a hit of nicotine into the bloodstream quickly.?? This action often produces a sneeze, but those experienced in the practice would tell you that sneezing is the sign of a beginner. Wet Snuff Snus This is a Swedish moist snuff product that is sold in little packets.  The snuff is slipped between the upper lip and gums where it sits, mixing with saliva and leaching nicotine-containing tobacco juice into the mouth.  Most snus packets contain about 30 percent tobacco and 70 percent water and flavorings.?? Dipping Tobacco (Dip) This is an American snuff product that is also moist. It is comprised of ground-up or loose bits of shredded tobacco that users take a pinch of to place between cheek and gum. As the juice builds up, its either spit out or swallowed. Chewing Tobacco (Chew) Chewing tobacco comes in a few different forms:  loose, leaf, pellets and plugs. Some are flavored and/or sweetened, and all forms of it are chewed to release tobacco juices. Both dip and chew tobacco are discarded, not swallowed when finished. Creamy Snuff Sold in toothpaste tubes, creamy snuff is meant to be applied to the gums by rubbing it on with the finger or toothbrush. It is then left in place for a few minutes before the spitting out the tobacco-laden saliva it produces. Creamy snuff is made up of tobacco paste, clove oil, glycerin, and mint flavorings. Its used mainly in India by women as a toothpaste to clean the teeth. Creamy snuff is addictive, just like any other snuff product. Who Uses Snuff? Snuff has a long history of use. Mayan snuff containers dating to AD 300-900 have been found. Snuff has turned up in numerous cultures and time periods elsewhere in the world, from South America to Spain and other parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. John Rolfe, husband of Pocahontas introduced commercially manufactured snuff to North America in the early 1600s.?? Following a period of time where snuff was frowned upon and banned by the Pope and a couple of French Kings, it regained popularity with French, English, and even American aristocrats. Interestingly, the U.S Congress passed the first federal excise tax on tobacco products in 1794. A tax of 8 cents was applied to snuff and represented 60 percent of the cost of a container of it. Smoking and chewing tobacco were not included in this tax. James Madison opposed it, saying it deprived poorer people of innocent gratification. Today, snuff is still available in smoke shops throughout Europe. It is regulated in the same way as other tobacco products, including age restrictions. In the United States, snuff is not popular, so is not as easily obtained. It can be found in specialty smoke shops and online. Health Risks   All forms of snuff put users at risk for nicotine addiction.?? Oral snuff can attract a multitude of oral problems, including leukoplakia, receding gums, tooth loss, and oral cancer.?? Chronic abuse of dry snuff leads to morphological and functional changes in the nasal mucosa. Users are also exposed to carcinogens in the tobacco; using snuff may increase the risk of head and neck cancer.?? Is Snuff a Good Alternative to Smoking? While snuff doesnt contain tar or any of the toxic gases produced by burning cigarettes, all forms do  have nicotine and users will become addicted because of that. Snuff tobacco also contains tobacco-specific nitrosamines  (TSNAs), thought to be some of the most potent carcinogens in tobacco.?? The best possible choice is to avoid all tobacco products completely.  If youre addicted to nicotine, use the resources here to help you quit now.  Addiction never just fades away on its own, so be proactive and kick it out of your life.  You wont regret it.

Obstacles of Fathers in the United States - 1610 Words

The purpose of this article is to better understand the outlooks, levels of engagement, and obstacles of fathers in the United States. The authors noted that fathers who participated in this survey range between the age of 18 and older. This telephone survey consists of fathers themselves answering questions related to their own fatherhood roles. Further, this article presents the results of the hundreds of American men promoting behaviors, such as agreeing or disagreeing about being involve, cohabitating or married to the child or children mother. This child may be an adoptive or biological child. The dilemma that is exposed in this research argues that a young father compared to an older father, is relative different with the religion†¦show more content†¦Demographically, over 90% of the participants strongly agreed that fatherhood is crucial in our society. A little over 47% of fathers, that encouragement from the mothers of their children matters because of the obstacles they faced with finance, and their duties on the job. The final results of marital status statistics is over 80% married fathers, nine percent divorced, and six percent never married. One surprising statistic was 90% cohabitate with the mother and focal child (Glenn Popenoe, 2006). In sequential order, what were the major steps in performing the study? The significant step in performing this multivariate analysis is measured from the best possible results from these fathers. In regards to the results, the father opinions of their performance as a father really matters in performing this study. These questions were asked in a statement form of agreeing, strongly, agree, or somewhat agree or disagree of various percentages of a responsible father in the United States. 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The United States Political System - 567 Words

Mankind has always undergone trends in a cyclical manor. However, as society presses forward, the relative minima and maxima tend to break the threshold at an increasing rate meaning that what would be considered normal is shortly lived. Today we live in a society where factions divide the nation in their plight to achieve an organized force of ideas. The Political parties of the modern era have become far more organized and are no longer looking to support ideas but are ever hungry to maintain and gain political power rather than represent a people’s voice. Our democratic republic relies on the organized and informed voter to maintain a balance of control between the people and the government. 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Thomas states, The most important lobbying forces in any society are the various entities of government: national, regional, and local government agencies and institutions such as the military (Thomas). The role of an interest group in the United States and/or Texas political system is creating a relationship with the staff of congress. This relationship provides a window

Normal Distribution Free Essays

Finda)P(Z gt; 2. 58),b)P(Z lt; -1),c)P(-1. 5 ( Z lt; 5) Ans : a) P( Z gt; 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Normal Distribution or any similar topic only for you Order Now 58) = 0. 0049 ( 4 decimal places) b) P ( Z lt; -1) = 0. 1587 ( 4 decimal places) c) P ( -1. 5? Z lt; 5) = P ( -1. 5 lt; Z lt; 5) = (0. 5- 0. 0668) + ( 0. 5 -0) = 0. 9332 ( 4 decimal places) 2. Find the value of z if the area under a Standard Normal curve a)to the right of z is 0. 3632; b)to the left of z is 0. 1131; c)between 0 and z, with z gt; 0, is 0. 4838; d)between -z and z, with z gt; 0, is 0. 9500. Ans : a) z = + 0. 35 ( find 0. 5- 0. 3632 = 0. 1368 in the normal table) b) z = -1. 1 ( find 0. 5 – 0. 1131 = 0. 3869 in the normal table) c ) the area between 0 to z is 0. 4838, z = 2. 14 d) the area to the right of +z = ( 1-0. 95)/2 = 0. 025, therefore z = 1. 96 3. Given the Normally distributed variable X with mean 18 and standard deviation 2. 5, find a)P(X lt; 15); b)the value of k such that P(X lt; k) = 0. 2236; c)the value of k such that P(X gt; k) = 0. 1814; d)P( 17 lt; X lt; 21). Ans : X ~ N ( 18, 2. 52) a) P ( X lt; 15) P ( Z lt; (15-18)/2. 5) = P ( Z lt; -1. 2) = 0. 1151 ( 4 decimal places) b) P ( X lt; k) = 0. 2236 P ( Z lt; ( k – 18) / 2. ) = 0. 2236 From normal table, 0. 2236 = -0. 76 (k-18)/2. 5 = – 0. 76, solve k = 16. 1 c) P (X gt; k) = 0. 1814 P ( Z gt; (k-18)/2. 5 ) = 0. 1814 From normal table, 0. 1814 = 0. 91 (k-18)/ 2. 5 = 0. 91, solve k = 20. 275 d) P ( 17 lt; X lt; 21) P ( (17 -18)/2. 5 lt; Z lt; ( 21-18)/2. 5) P ( -0. 4 lt; Z lt; 1. 2) = 0. 8849 – 0. 3446 = 0. 5403 ( 4 decimal places) 4. In a sample of 25 observations from a Normal Distribution with mean 98. 6 and standard deviation 17. 2, find: Ans: a) n = 25, [pic] = ( = 98. 6, [pic] = /n = 17. 2/(25 = 3. 44 [pic]( N (98. 6, 3. 442 ) Prob = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P( (92-98. 6)/3. 44 lt; Z lt; (102-98. 6)/3. 44 ) = P( -1. 92 lt; Z lt; 0. 99) = 0. 8116 b)the corresponding probability given a sample of 36. Ans: b) n = 36, [pic] = ( = 98. 6, [pic] = /n = 17. 2/(36 = 2. 87 [pic]( N (98. 6, 2. 872 ) Prob = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P( (92-98. 6)/2. 87 lt; Z lt; (102-98. 6)/2. 87 ) = P( -2. 30 lt; Z lt; 1. 19) = 0. 8723 ( * or 0. 8703 if rounding for 2. 87) 5. An X-ray technician is taking reading from her machine to ensure that it adheres to federal safety guidelines. She knows that the standard deviation of the amount of radiation emitted by the machine is 150 units, but she wants to take readings until the standard error of the sampling distribution is no higher than 25 units. How many reading should she take? Ans: Let X be the readings of radiation emitted by the machine. [pic] = /n = 150(n we want to find n such that 150/(n = [pic] ( 25 ( (n ( 6 ( n ( 36 She should take at least 36 readings. 6. Peter, researcher for a coffee corporation, is interested in determining the rate of coffee usage per household. He believes that yearly consumption per household is normally distributed with an unknown mean and a standard deviation of about 1. 25 pounds. a)If Peter takes a sample of 36 households and records their consumption of coffee for 1 year, what is the probability that the sample mean is within one-half pound of the population mean? Ans: Let X be the yearly consumption of coffee per household. n = 36, [pic]=( = ? , [pic] = /n = 1. 25(36 = 0. 2083 [pic]( N ([pic], 0. 20832 ) a)Prob = P(( – 0. 5 lt; [pic] lt; ( + 0. 5) = P(- 0. 5/[pic] lt; Z lt; 0. /[pic]) = P( -0. 5/0. 2083 lt; Z lt; 0. 5/0. 2083 ) = P( -2. 4 lt; Z lt; 2. 4) = 0. 9836 b)How large a sample must be taken in order to be 98 percent certain that the sample mean is within one-half pound of the population mean? Ans: n = ? ,[pic] = /n = 1. 25/(n P(( – 0. 5 lt; [pic] lt; ( + 0. 5) = 0. 98 ( P(-0. 5 lt; [pic]- ( lt; +0. 5) = 0. 98 ( P( -0. 5/1. 25/(n lt; Z lt; +0. 5/1. 25/(n ) = 0. 98 From Normal Table, we have P(-2. 33 lt; Z lt; 2. 33) = 0. 98 ( 0. 5/1. 25/(n = 2. 33 ( n = 33. 93 ( at least 34 households. How to cite Normal Distribution, Papers

Normal Distribution Free Essays

Finda)P(Z gt; 2. 58),b)P(Z lt; -1),c)P(-1. 5 ( Z lt; 5) Ans : a) P( Z gt; 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Normal Distribution or any similar topic only for you Order Now 58) = 0. 0049 ( 4 decimal places) b) P ( Z lt; -1) = 0. 1587 ( 4 decimal places) c) P ( -1. 5? Z lt; 5) = P ( -1. 5 lt; Z lt; 5) = (0. 5- 0. 0668) + ( 0. 5 -0) = 0. 9332 ( 4 decimal places) 2. Find the value of z if the area under a Standard Normal curve a)to the right of z is 0. 3632; b)to the left of z is 0. 1131; c)between 0 and z, with z gt; 0, is 0. 4838; d)between -z and z, with z gt; 0, is 0. 9500. Ans : a) z = + 0. 35 ( find 0. 5- 0. 3632 = 0. 1368 in the normal table) b) z = -1. 1 ( find 0. 5 – 0. 1131 = 0. 3869 in the normal table) c ) the area between 0 to z is 0. 4838, z = 2. 14 d) the area to the right of +z = ( 1-0. 95)/2 = 0. 025, therefore z = 1. 96 3. Given the Normally distributed variable X with mean 18 and standard deviation 2. 5, find a)P(X lt; 15); b)the value of k such that P(X lt; k) = 0. 2236; c)the value of k such that P(X gt; k) = 0. 1814; d)P( 17 lt; X lt; 21). Ans : X ~ N ( 18, 2. 52) a) P ( X lt; 15) P ( Z lt; (15-18)/2. 5) = P ( Z lt; -1. 2) = 0. 1151 ( 4 decimal places) b) P ( X lt; k) = 0. 2236 P ( Z lt; ( k – 18) / 2. ) = 0. 2236 From normal table, 0. 2236 = -0. 76 (k-18)/2. 5 = – 0. 76, solve k = 16. 1 c) P (X gt; k) = 0. 1814 P ( Z gt; (k-18)/2. 5 ) = 0. 1814 From normal table, 0. 1814 = 0. 91 (k-18)/ 2. 5 = 0. 91, solve k = 20. 275 d) P ( 17 lt; X lt; 21) P ( (17 -18)/2. 5 lt; Z lt; ( 21-18)/2. 5) P ( -0. 4 lt; Z lt; 1. 2) = 0. 8849 – 0. 3446 = 0. 5403 ( 4 decimal places) 4. In a sample of 25 observations from a Normal Distribution with mean 98. 6 and standard deviation 17. 2, find: Ans: a) n = 25, [pic] = ( = 98. 6, [pic] = /n = 17. 2/(25 = 3. 44 [pic]( N (98. 6, 3. 442 ) Prob = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P( (92-98. 6)/3. 44 lt; Z lt; (102-98. 6)/3. 44 ) = P( -1. 92 lt; Z lt; 0. 99) = 0. 8116 b)the corresponding probability given a sample of 36. Ans: b) n = 36, [pic] = ( = 98. 6, [pic] = /n = 17. 2/(36 = 2. 87 [pic]( N (98. 6, 2. 872 ) Prob = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P( (92-98. 6)/2. 87 lt; Z lt; (102-98. 6)/2. 87 ) = P( -2. 30 lt; Z lt; 1. 19) = 0. 8723 ( * or 0. 8703 if rounding for 2. 87) 5. An X-ray technician is taking reading from her machine to ensure that it adheres to federal safety guidelines. She knows that the standard deviation of the amount of radiation emitted by the machine is 150 units, but she wants to take readings until the standard error of the sampling distribution is no higher than 25 units. How many reading should she take? Ans: Let X be the readings of radiation emitted by the machine. [pic] = /n = 150(n we want to find n such that 150/(n = [pic] ( 25 ( (n ( 6 ( n ( 36 She should take at least 36 readings. 6. Peter, researcher for a coffee corporation, is interested in determining the rate of coffee usage per household. He believes that yearly consumption per household is normally distributed with an unknown mean and a standard deviation of about 1. 25 pounds. a)If Peter takes a sample of 36 households and records their consumption of coffee for 1 year, what is the probability that the sample mean is within one-half pound of the population mean? Ans: Let X be the yearly consumption of coffee per household. n = 36, [pic]=( = ? , [pic] = /n = 1. 25(36 = 0. 2083 [pic]( N ([pic], 0. 20832 ) a)Prob = P(( – 0. 5 lt; [pic] lt; ( + 0. 5) = P(- 0. 5/[pic] lt; Z lt; 0. /[pic]) = P( -0. 5/0. 2083 lt; Z lt; 0. 5/0. 2083 ) = P( -2. 4 lt; Z lt; 2. 4) = 0. 9836 b)How large a sample must be taken in order to be 98 percent certain that the sample mean is within one-half pound of the population mean? Ans: n = ? ,[pic] = /n = 1. 25/(n P(( – 0. 5 lt; [pic] lt; ( + 0. 5) = 0. 98 ( P(-0. 5 lt; [pic]- ( lt; +0. 5) = 0. 98 ( P( -0. 5/1. 25/(n lt; Z lt; +0. 5/1. 25/(n ) = 0. 98 From Normal Table, we have P(-2. 33 lt; Z lt; 2. 33) = 0. 98 ( 0. 5/1. 25/(n = 2. 33 ( n = 33. 93 ( at least 34 households. How to cite Normal Distribution, Papers

Pornoviolence By Tom Wolfe Essays - Tom Wolfe, Wolfe, Slasher Film

Pornoviolence By Tom Wolfe Judging by your most unfavorable reactions to these conversations, I can tell that you don?t like what you hear. Well, what you just heard were the first six paragraphs, the introduction of Tom Wolfe?s 1976 essay entitled Pornoviolence. This story that talks about a convention of tabloid authors begins with those banal introductions. Wolfe felt as if names were obsolete, as the authors that submit these stories are ?stringers? or correspondents from around the country and as a result, they are all known by their stories? titles. Wolfe provides a definition of pornoviolence by distinguishing it from the old pornography. He argues that the media previously attracted readership of magazines and tabloids with pornography. Instead, he claims that today pornoviolence is stimulated by violence that puts television viewers in the position of control, and he supports his position using examples of programs that contain the pornography of violence. Basically, he says that pornoviolence is the pornography of violence; only the weirdest, grossest stuff would be considered as usable material. Video games like the Mortal Kombat series, Perfect Dark, or James Bond 007 and ?slasher flicks? such as Scream, I Know What You Did Last Summer, and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre are excellent examples of gratuitous violence that have been released in the past several years. Inadvertently, Wolfe poses a question to all of us: Do we as people evolve along with the TV violence, or are television producers just giving us what they think we want? English Essays

Viral Marketing Essay Example

Viral Marketing Essay Example Viral Marketing Essay Viral Marketing Essay History Unbalanced scales. svg The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (September 2008) There is debate on the origination and the popularization of the term Viral Marketing, though some of the earliest uses of the current term are attributed to Harvard Business School graduate Tim Draper and Harvard Business School faculty member Jeffrey Rayport. The term was later popularized by Jeffrey Rayport in his 1996 Fast Company article The Virus of Marketing , and Tim Draper and Steve Jurvetson of the venture capital firm Draper Fisher Jurvetson in 1997 to describe Hotmails e-mail practice of appending advertising for itself in outgoing mail from their users. [3] Among the first to write about viral marketing on the Internet was media critic Douglas Rushkoff in his 1994 book Media Virus: Hidden Agendas in Popular Culture. The assumption is that if such an advertisement reaches a susceptible user, that user will become infected (i. e. , accept the idea) and will then go on to share the idea with others infecting them, in the viral analogys terms. As long as each infected user shares the idea with more than one susceptible user on average (i. e. , the basic reproductive rate is greater than one the standard in epidemiology for qualifying something as an epidemic), the number of infected users will grow according to a logarithmic curve, whose initial segment appears exponential. Of course, the marketing campaign may be wildly successful even if the rate at which things are spread isnt of epidemic proportions, if this user-to-user sharing is sustained by other forms of marketing communications, such as public relations or advertising. Among the first to write about algorithms designed to identify people with high Social Networking Potential is Bob Gerstley in Advertising Research is Changing. Gerstley uses SNP algorithms in quantitative marketing research to help marketers maximize the effectiveness of viral marketing campaigns. In 2004 the concept of Alpha User was released to indicate that it had become ow possible to technically isolate the focal point members of any viral campaign, the hubs who are most influential. Alpha Users can today be isolated and identified, and even targeted for viral advertising purposes most accurately in mobile phone networks, as mobile phones are so personal. In response to its use, many sites have started up trying to describ e what viral marketing is and to offer viral marketing services as an outsourced extension of a business. [citation needed] [edit] Notable examples * The Ponzi scheme and related investment Pyramid schemes, are early examples of viral marketing. In each round, investors are paid interest from the principal deposits of later investors. Early investors are so enthusiastic that they recruit their friends resulting in exponential growth until the pool of available investors is tapped out and the scheme collapses. * Multi-level marketing popularized in the 1960s and 70s (not to be confused with Ponzi schemes) is essentially a form of viral marketing in which representatives gain income through marketing products through their circle of influence and give their friends a chance to market products similarly. Multis include Amway and Mary Kay Cosmetics among many others. * Early in its existence (perhaps between 1988 and 1992), the television show Mystery Science Theater 3000 had limited distribution. The producers encouraged viewers to make copies of the show on video tapes and give them to friends in order to expand viewership and increase demand for the fledgling Comedy Central network. During this period the closing credits included the words Keep circulating the tapes! [5] * In 2000, Slate described TiVos unpublicized gambit of giving free TiVos to web-savvy enthusiasts to create viral word of mouth, pointing out that a viral campaign differs from a publicity stunt. [6] * In 2001, BusinessWeek described web-based campaigns for Hotmail (1996) and The Blair Witch Project (1999) as striking examples of viral marketing, but warned of some dangers for imitation marketers. [7] * Launched in 2002, BMW Films was among the earliest viral marketing ampaigns. It attracted nearly 55 million viewers and helped to elevate the career of Clive Owen. * Some accuse Publius Enigma, a series of unusual postings in 1994 that relate to The Division Bell, to be viral marketing to gain attention for the album. * Burger Kings The Subservient Chicken campaign, running from 2004 until 2007, was cited in Wired magazine as a striking example of viral or word-of-mouth marketing. [8] * Cadburys Dairy Milk 2007 Gorilla advertising campaign was heavily popularised on YouTube and Facebook. The release of the 2007 concept album Year Zero by Nine Inch Nails involved a viral marketing campaign, including the band leaving USB drives at concerts during NINs 2007 European Tour. This was followed up with a series of interlinked websites revealing clues and information about the dystopian future in which the album is set. * In 2007, World Wrestling Entertainment promoted the return of Chris Jericho with a viral marketing campaign using 15-second cryptic binary code videos. The videos contained hidden messages and biblical links related to Jericho, although speculation existed throughout WWE fans over whom the campaign targeted. 9][10] The text Save Us and 2nd Coming were most prominent in the videos. The campaign spread throughout the internet with numerous websites, though no longer operational, featuring hidden messages and biblical links to further hint at Jerichos r eturn. [11][12] * In 2007 the New York Times advertising columnist Stuart Elliott wrote about a business-to-business viral campaign for a software company, showing that viral advertising has application in areas outside of consumer marketing. [13] * In 2007, Portuguese football club Sporting Portugal integrated a viral feature in their campaign for season seats. In their website, a video required the user to input his name and phone number before playback started, which then featured the coach Paulo Bento and the players waiting at the locker room while he makes a phone call to the user telling him that they just cant start the season until the user buys his season ticket. [14] Flawless video and phone call synchronization and the fact that it was a totally new experience for the user led to nearly 200,000 pageviews phone calls in less than 24 hours. [citation needed] * Avirginsplea. om claimed that a 25-year old virgin living in Toronto named Geoff needed five million hits on his website in 30 days in order for Jenn, one of his very hot platonic female friends, to help him lose his virginity. * The 2008 film Cloverfield was first publicized with a teaser trailer that did not advertise the films title, only its release date: 01Â ·18Â ·08. Elements of the viral marketing campaign included MySpace pages created for fictional characters and websites created for fictional companies alluded to in the film. The Big Word Project, launched in 2008, aims to redefine the Oxford English Dictionary by allowing people to submit their website as the definition of their chosen word. The viral marketing project, created to fund two Masters students educations, attracted the attention of bloggers worldwide, being featured on Daring Fireball and Wired Magazine. [15] * The marketing campaign for the 2008 film The Dark Knight combined both online and real-life elements to make it resemble an alternate reality game. Techniques included mass gatherings of Joker fans, scavenger hunts around the world, detailed and intricate websites that let fans actually participate in voting for political offices in Gotham City, hidden phone numbers and websites in the queue lines of The Dark Knight roller coasters at Six Flags Great America and Six Flags Great Adventure, and even a Gotham News Network that has links to other Gotham pages such as Gotham Rail, a Gotham travel agency, and political candidates pages. The movie also markets heavily off of word of mouth from the thousands of Batman fans. Both the second and third games in the Halo series were preceded with viral marketing in the form of an alternate reality game called I Love Bees for the second game, and Iris for the third game. * In December 2009, podcasters of The Mike OMeara Show launched a viral marketing campaign on Facebook to encourage others to download the show. * Between December 2009 and March 2010 a series of seven videos were posted to YouTube under the name iamamiwhoami leading to speculation that they were a marketing campaign for a musician. In March 2010, an anonymous package was sent to an MTV journalist claiming to contain a code which if cracked would give the identity of the artist. [16] The seventh video, entitled b, appears to feature the Swedish singer Jonna Lee. [17][18][19][20] * On July 14 2010, Old Spice launched the fastest growing online viral video campaign ever, garnering 6. 7 million views after 24 hours, ballooning over 23 million views after 36 hours[21]. Old Spices agency created a bathroom set in Portland, OR and had their TV commercial star, Isaiah Mustafa, reply to 186 online comments and questions rom websites like Twitter, Facebook, Reddit, Digg, Youtube and others. The campaign ran for 3 days[22]. [edit] Viral Marketing Services Viral marketing services (VMS) include full service marketing, advertising, and media brokerage. There are outsourced companies hired for these services. Like other professional niches, (i. e. lawyer, accountant, IT), companies are now being sought for their professional insight and expertise in Guerilla marketing strategies and advanced Internet and mobility technology in the hopes of providing more leads, sales, and profits than traditional marketing service providers. A VMS company will typically create impressions for a very specific market or audience as defined by a client. The more impressions created for a client, the greater the chance of increasing prospective customer awareness of the client’s products or services. A VMS company’s basis of success is based on the ability to successfully leverage many forms of media to create a large market presence for the client. A VMS company is not responsible for searching out leads. Rather, they are responsible for creating leads through brand recognition by means of market branding and innovative advertising services. edit] Methods * Internet Search Engines Blogs * Target Marketing Web Services * Social Media Interconnectivity * Industry specific organization contributions * Television Radio * Multiple forms of Print and Direct Marketing * SEO Web Development * Customer Participation Polling services * Outbound/Inbound Call Center Services * Mobile SmartPhone Integration VMS target m arketing is based on three important principals: 1. Social Profile Gathering 2. Proximity Market Analysis 3. Real-Time Key word Density Analysis By applying these three important disciplines to an advertising model, a VMS company is able to match a client with their targeted customers at a cost effective advantage. [edit] Motivations Products and services change as consumers demand change. Because of this, businesses have recognized that the method of marketing must change. Marketing is about putting your business in front of the largest interested audience for the lowest cost per viewer. In the early 20’s, radio was the means of reaching a mass audience followed by television in the late 40’s. Television would maintain the number one spot in terms of mass audience advertising until the Internet took hold in the mid-90’s. Now people are sharing information, collaborating on topics of interest, and networking on the internet in ways not previously imaginable. [edit] Statistics * Two thirds of the world’s Internet population now visit a social network or blog site weekly[23] * 220+ million people visit the top 25 social networks each month[24] * Facebook alone has 500+ million active users[25] Social media Internet traffic has exceeded adult entertainment sites * Time spent visiting Social media sites now exceeds time spent emailing[26] * Consistent polls reflect that 89% of people forward news, events, and vendor specific information to people in their network. [27] * 59% of adults polled state that they use their cell phone to remain connected with their social network[28] Because of statistics such as these, companies – big or small – have seen to it that viral marketing services are integrated into their company. Because the cost per impression is typically much lower in comparison to other forms of media, businesses have been able to reach a very large buying audience at a lower cost when compared to other forms of available media. [edit] Techniques Many companies simply embed key words on their web site to support Search Engine Optimization best practices in order to receive a high ranking on Google in the hopes of building a strong internet business. However, this is only one component to capitalizing on the power of viral marketing. Viral marketing is about connections. The more quality connections a company can make, the more business impressions they will create. The more business impressions they create the higher likelihood that a consumer (or other business requiring a service) will make contact to purchase a good or service. By use of a social profile gathering system, a VMS company is able to create interconnections with web sites and social media groups specific to the client’s market audience. In addition to the more common social media web sites (LinkedIn, Facebook, etc. , the internet is home to over 300,000 social community web service providers. Each of these social community web service providers have from 5 million to 50 million active users thus creating a large community of active consumers. By actively maintaining an extensive analytical database of these connections, a VMS goal is to be able to successfully match a business with the targeted buyers. Technology is the tool that allows b usinesses to moderate, manage, and automate communication with the global scale of Internet users. VMS technology incorporates artificial intelligence which allows a system to communicate with a prospective buyer via their phone (voice), SMS (Text Message), blog site, or email. Without having this level of sophisticated technology in place, a VMS company would be unable to manage the large amount of users and leads available on the Internet; but because of the advancements of technology, targeted campaigns can meet the goals and requirements of businesses from all over the world.

Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay, the Savior of Dunkirk

Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay, the Savior of Dunkirk Born January 20, 1883, Bertram Home Ramsay was the son of Captain William Ramsay in the British Army. Attending the Royal Colchester Grammar School as a youth, Ramsay elected not to follow his two older brothers into the Army. Instead, he sought a career at sea and joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in 1898. Posted to the training ship HMS Britannia, he attended what became the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. Graduating in 1899, Ramsay was elevated to midshipman and later received a posting to the cruiser HMS Crescent. In 1903, he took part in British operations in Somaliland and earned recognition for his work with British Army forces shore. Returning home, Ramsay received orders to join the revolutionary new battleship HMS Dreadnought. World War I A modernizer at heart, Ramsay thrived in the increasingly technical Royal Navy. After attending the Naval Signal School in 1909-1910, he received admission to the new Royal Naval War College in 1913. A member of the colleges second class, Ramsay graduated a year later with the rank of lieutenant commander. Returning to the Dreadnought, he was aboard when World War I began in August 1914. Early the following year, he was offered the post of flag lieutenant for the Grand Fleets cruiser commander. Though a prestigious posting, Ramsay declined as he was seeking a command  position of his own. This proved fortuitous as it would have seen him assigned to HMS Defense, which was later lost at the Battle of Jutland. Instead, Ramsay served a brief stint in the signals section at the Admiralty before being given command of the monitor HMS M25 on the Dover Patrol. As the war progressed, he was given command of the destroyer leader HMS Broke. On May 9, 1918, Ramsay took part in Vice-Admiral Roger Keyes Second Ostend Raid. This saw the Royal Navy attempt to block the channels into the port of Ostend. Though the mission was only partly successful, Ramsay was mentioned in despatches for his performance during the operation. Remaining in command of Broke, he carried King George V to France to visit the troops of the British Expeditionary Force. With the conclusion of hostilities, Ramsay was transferred to the staff of Admiral of the Fleet John Jellicoe in 1919. Serving as his flag commander, Ramsay accompanied Jellicoe on a year-long tour of the British Dominions to assess naval strength and advise on policy. Interwar Years Arriving back in Britain, Ramsay was promoted to captain in 1923 and attended senior officers’ war and tactical courses. Returning to sea, he commanded the light cruiser HMS Danae between 1925 and 1927. Coming ashore, Ramsay began a two-year assignment as an instructor at the war college. Towards the end of his tenure, he married Helen Menzies with whom he would ultimately have two sons. Given command of the heavy cruiser HMS Kent, Ramsay was also made chief of staff to Admiral Sir Arthur Waistell, commander in chief of the China Squadron. Remaining abroad until 1931, he was given a teaching post at the Imperial Defense College that July. With the end of his term, Ramsay gained command of the battleship HMS Royal Sovereign in 1933. Two years later, Ramsay became chief of staff to the commander of the Home Fleet, Admiral Sir Roger Backhouse. Though the two men were friends, they differed widely on how the fleet should be administered. While Backhouse firmly believed in centralized control, Ramsay advocated for delegation and decentralization to better allow commanders to act at sea. Clashing on several occasions, Ramsay asked to be relieved after just four months. Inactive for the better part of three years, he declined an assignment to China and later began working on plans to reactivate the Dover Patrol. After reaching the top of the rear-admirals’ list in October 1938, the Royal Navy elected to move him to the Retired List. With relations with Germany deteriorating in 1939, he was coaxed from retirement by Winston Churchill in August and promoted to vice admiral commanding Royal Navy forces at Dover. World War II With the beginning of World War II in September 1939, Ramsay worked to expand his command. In May 1940, as German forces began inflicting a series of defeats on the Allies in the Low Countries and France, he was approached by Churchill to begin planning an evacuation. Meeting at Dover Castle, the two men planned Operation Dynamo which called for a large-scale evacuation of British forces from Dunkirk. Initially hoping to evacuate 45,000 men over two days, the evacuation saw Ramsay employ a massive fleet of disparate vessels which ultimately saved 332,226 men over nine days. Employing the flexible system of command and control that he had advocated in 1935, he rescued a large force which could immediately be put to use defending Britain. For his efforts, Ramsay was knighted. North Africa Through the summer and fall, Ramsay worked to develop plans for opposing Operation Sea Lion (the German invasion of Britain) while the Royal Air Force fought the Battle of Britain in the skies above. With the RAFs victory, the invasion threat quieted. Remaining at Dover until 1942, Ramsay was appointed Naval Force Commander for the invasion of Europe on April 29. As it became clear that the Allies would not be in a position to conduct landings on the continent that year, he was shifted to the Mediterranean as Deputy Naval Commander for the invasion of North Africa. Though he served under Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham, Ramsay was responsible for much of the planning and worked with Lieutenant General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Sicily and Normandy As the campaign in North Africa was coming to a successful conclusion, Ramsay was tasked with planning the invasion of Sicily. Leading the eastern task force during the invasion in July 1943, Ramsay coordinated closely with General Sir Bernard Montgomery and provided support once the campaign ashore began. With operation in Sicily winding down, Ramsay was ordered back to Britain to serve as Allied Naval Commander for the invasion of Normandy. Promoted to admiral in October, he began developing plans for a fleet that would ultimately include over 5,000 ships. Developing detailed plans, he delegated key elements to his subordinates and allowed them to act accordingly. As the date for the invasion neared, Ramsay was forced to defuse a situation between Churchill and King George VI as both desired to watch the landings from the light cruiser HMS Belfast. As the cruiser was needed for bombardment duty, he forbade either leader from embarking, stating that their presence put the ship at risk and that they would be needed ashore should key decisions need to be made. Pushing forward, the D-Day landings commenced on June 6, 1944. As Allied troops stormed ashore, Ramsays ships provided fire support and also began aiding in the rapid build-up of men and supplies. Final Weeks Continuing to support operations in Normandy through the summer, Ramsay began advocating for the rapid capture of Antwerp and its sea approaches as he anticipated that ground forces might outrun their supply lines from Normandy. Unconvinced, Eisenhower failed to quickly secure the Scheldt River, which led to the city, and instead pushed forward with Operation Market-Garden in the Netherlands. As a result, a supply crisis did develop which necessitated a protracted fight for the Scheldt. On January 2, 1945, Ramsay, who was in Paris, departed for a meeting with Montgomery in Brussels. Leaving from Toussus-le-Noble, his Lockheed Hudson crashed during takeoff and Ramsay and four others were killed. Following a funeral attended by Eisenhower and Cunningham, Ramsay was buried near Paris at St.-Germain-en-Laye. In recognition of his accomplishments, a statue of Ramsay was erected at Dover Castle, near where he planned the Dunkirk Evacuation, in 2000.

St. Matthew's Passion by Bach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

St. Matthew's Passion by Bach - Essay Example The music was text bound and therefore difficult to measure because of its spiritual and expressive intensity. Bach was counterpoint master as he used all baroque era musical language resource with ease. He could combine Germany intricate counterpoint, French rhythmic dances and graceful melodies of Italy in a single composition. Some of his work include Christmas oratorio which include St. Matthew Passion and ascension cantata (six cantatas) (Robin, 1999). Master of St. Matthew Passion It is an oratorio written by Bach for orchestra, choir and solo voices. Matthew’s gospel chapter 26 and 27 are set into music with arias and chorale that are interspersed throughout the musical text (Robin, 1999). Composition The setting of Bach’s passion present chapter is in 26 and 27 of Matthew’s biblical text in a simple manner by use of recitative. In addition, latest poetic texts are set by ariaso and aria movements which explain various biblical events in a narrative form ( Robin, 1999). Lyrism and monologue are used to present the state of mind of the characters that are involved. St. Matthew Passion has the following aspects: a) Double-choir which originate from double-choir motets. b) Chorales are used extensively and appear and are found in four parts as an arias extension. In polyphonic movements which are large, chorales appears as cantus firmus. This quite evident in the finale of the first movement Mensch, bewein dein’ Sunde gro?. Chorale cantus firmus is also used in opening chorus, as Kommt, ihr Tochter, helft mir klagen where soprano in ripieno create harmonic and polyphonic anxiety, singing O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig verse (Robin,1999) The oratorio is a twelve score concertato with eight soloists performing in two choirs(Robin,1999). Furthermore, extra parts have two bass and single soprano voices in the bit parts which include Peter, Pilate Wife, High Priests, and Judas with another section for soprano in ripieno. vocal ensembles has three voice parts (three basses, three tenors , three sopranos and three altos and residual which has two parts that provide soloists ( Concertists) for the composed cantatas together with other vocal works. Secco recitative is used in the gospel narration with continuo accompaniments (Robin, 1999). Words describing various characters are sung in recitative form. Apart from Jesus, other named parts, include two ancillae(maids),two witness, Judas, two high priest, peter and Pilates’ wife. Arias are often assigned to character soloist who sings with the choir(Robin,1999). In addition, a pair of soloists sings the two duets which concurrently represent two speakers. Turba (Crowd) are passages for many speakers and is sung by either one or two choirs. There is special treatment for the words of Jesus Vox Christi. This is by creation of accompagnato recitatives which are accompanied by continuo and orchestral string section by use of long notes that are sustained and stressing sp ecific words (Robin, 1999). Instruments St Matthew Passion has a setting of two orchestras and two choirs and it include two Gamba, two flutes, and two oboe and basso continuo. Instruments create a particular mood in arias for example Aus Liebe will mein Heiland sterben which is #49 soprano arias where there is no security as a result basso continuo and string absence (Robin, 1999). Compositional style Recitatives create a mood

The use of polygraph testing as evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The use of polygraph testing as evidence - Essay Example Under these two conflicting issues, the question still remains, is the use of polygraph testing a sufficient evidence to pin down a suspicious character? Does it really work? This study will attempt to investigate various criticisms, researches and feedback to bring to light the importance of the polygraph testing machine. A polygraph means â€Å"many writings† of the physiological activities at the same time, a method done by its inventor, William Marston, in 1917. His claimed that he â€Å"could reveal verbal deception by observing systolic blood pressure†.(EPIC, 2003) This claim was ruled out by the D.C. Court of Appeals stating that there was not enough scientific evidence to support the lie detector machine of Marston. A century later, another inventor came up with a new version of the lie detector machine. Leonard Keeler who invented a new version set up a school to train examiners, and eventually his version of polygraph machine was used in the legal investigations. A Polygraph machine is described as â€Å"a machine that records the body to an examiner’s question in order to ascertain deceptive behavior. The test measures physiological data from three or more systems of the human body- generally, the respiratory, cardiovascular, and sweat gland systems-but not the voice.† (EPIC, 2003). A separate testing is used for the voice. Polygraph system is generally used for investigations of private businesses, juridical and for law enforcements. Certain restrictions were however imposed for polygraph testing for employee protection, under the Employee Protection Act of 1988 (EPPA). Under the EPPA, a pre-employment polygraph test is not required, and an employer cannot be dismissed for refusal to take a polygraph exam. Under this rule also, certain criteria must first be met if ever an employer requests for a lie detector test for an employee. Several states have adopted this system, but safeguards and variations were

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Alexander Solzhenitsyn Essay

Alexander Solzhenitsyn's purpose in episodes one and two of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich is to develop Ivan Denisovich Shukhov as a mediator for personal views and then to present those views on life, prison, and authority to the reader. This purpose is accomplished by the author's use of characterization, symbolism, and aphorism. The reader's knowledge of Shukhov is almost as restricted as the rules set forth in Shukhov's prison, and there is nothing that sets Shukhov apart from the rest of the prisoners. This allows the reader to focus less on him as a character and more on what he is intended to convey. The author’s first use of characterization occurs in the quotation, "Shukhov never overslept reveille. He always got up at once, for the next ninety, until they assembled for work, belonged to him, not to the authorities" (17). Through this quotation, the reader recognizes how Shukhov is willing to partake in the many challenges set forth by authority, but still appreciates the time he can set aside for himself. This characterization of Shukhov shows that the author values the idea of self-awareness. This is essential further in the novel as seen when Shukhov reflects on the importance of mealtime or breaks as solely for one's self, which contrastingly reveals the extent in which authority has stolen time from the prisoners. Another example of characterization stems from the quotation, "Shukhov realized, as he had guessed on the way there, that he wasn't being sent to the guardhouse at all—it was simply that the guardroom floor needed scrubbing" (23). This quotation shows that Shukhov has an in-depth understanding of the operations within his prison and can be trusted by the reader to provide reliable exposure. The rea... ... the prisoners survived. This is necessary to understand for later in the novel when an importance is placed on one's ability to outsmart the authority in order to actually survive prison. For instance, when Shukhov tricks the cook in prison into giving his squad more dishes. By using aphorisms from Shukhov, Solzhenitsyn is able to express universal truths to discredit the communistic society around him, a personal view he wished to share on a global scale. Through the characterization of Shukhov, the use of symbolism, and the use of aphorisms, Solzhenitsyn is able to recognize Shukhov as a mediator of his personal views thus providing the reader with the observations that he has made as a prisoner himself. Works Cited Solzhenitsyn, Alexander. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. Trans. Ralph Parker. New York: E.P. Dutton, a Division of Penguin, 1963. Print.

Fin Week Checkpoint

Checkpoint Trade credit is the most popular form of short term financing, figures show that over 40 ppercent of businesses use this form. Trade is also known as accounts payable. This form of short term financing happens when manufacturers or suppliers provide goods or services upfront to companies with the expectation of getting payment within 30 to 60 days from time of delivery.Usually suppliers may offer discounts if the receiving company makes payment within a specified period of time. This kind of short term financing would be chosen by businesses for many reasons such as the company may not readily have the cash on hand to purchase inventory. Bank Credit is another form of short term financing.This type of financing usually comes in the form of loans which normally have an agreement of repayment within 90 to 180 days, but companies can choose to have the loans renewed which can make them seem to be long term in nature. When banks issue bank credit they may have stipulations for their borrowers such as paying service fees or maintaining minimum balances in their accounts.A company may choose this type of short term funding when it may need emergency cash on hand for extra inventory or repairs. Commercial paper is another form of short term financing, this kind of funding is acquired by companies issuing promissory notes in increments of $25,000 or more. Only very large companies use this type of short term financing. Large companies would use commercial paper to get funding plant expansions new equipment.

Social Media Contributions Against Gender Based Violence

Women Uniting on the Web: Social Media Contributions Against Gender-Based Violence in Turkey Ozgecan Aslan lost her life while taking the bus home when the bus driver â€Å"allegedly bludgeoned her with a crowbar, stabbed her to death, and cut off her hands to hide the evidence† (Khazan 2015, 1) because she resisted rape. According to a UNICEF report, â€Å"globally, women aged between fifteen and forty-four are more likely to be injured or die as a result of male violence than through cancer, traffic accidents, malaria and war combined† (Vlachova 2005, 5). Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global problem. GBV includes any act of verbal or physical force, and life-threatening actions that may result in â€Å"physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women† (United Nations, Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women). GBV includes legal exploitation, forced abortion, forced marriages, child marriages, hymen repair, genital mutilation, abduction for marriage, rape, honor suicides, and honor killings as the most extreme. My paper will ill ustrate the issues that are prevalent in Turkey in regard to gender-based violence towards women, share stories of victims and survivors, and analyze the way women’s rights activists are using social media to raise awareness and eliminate unjust customs. I approach this project from an emancipatory research perspective where I will share and promote opportunities for others who read my paper to engage with and support the women in TurkeyShow MoreRelatedGender Normalcy1287 Words   |  6 PagesThe Media and Gender Normalcy: How the Media Establishes Dangerous Gender Roles What is Gender Normalcy and How the Media Establishes it In simplest terms, normalcy is the state of being normal. 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