tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-481879048209093952024-03-13T03:33:15.565-07:00Writing an argumentative paperArgumentative Essay Topics About GunsMaryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.comBlogger74125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-29011206024059890612020-08-24T05:06:00.001-07:002020-08-24T05:06:03.092-07:00Responsible Executive Compensation for a New Era of Accountability EssaPay and the Chief Executive Officer Official pay has gone under expanding examination in late writing in the wake of the developing exposure encompassing administrative disappointments and official personal responsibility. Monetary specialists have for quite some time been analyzing the issue of adjusting the presentation of officials to their pay rates and advantages. Open discontent with the obvious top-greatness of the pay structure has carried this issue into the spotlight all through the business world. Specialists point to the defects of customary installment plans and offer various arrangements. Investor esteem and the achievement of the firm can be fundamentally influenced by official execution. Consequently, understanding the focal points and expenses of the present patterns in official pay is essential to the pay advisory group of a Fortune 500 partnership. The remuneration advisory group has a troublesome assignment upon its shoulders. It must build pay programs that draw in and hold the best ability to address the individual organizationââ¬â¢s needs. It must structure a procedure that creates predominant returns for financial specialists, properly measure administrative execution, and organization a compensation practice which is reasonable for the two workers and investors and which truly drives business results (Mercer p.4). There is copious hypothesis and research on the techniques thought to achieve these objectives, and the rising patterns in official pay appear to be profoundly effective. The developing open reactions of ultra-high official compensation are not unwarranted. As indicated by Mr. Meizhu Lui, ââ¬Å"the proportion of CEO pay as a numerous of normal specialist pay has developed hugely, from 41 to 1 of every 1960 to 411 to 1... ...a Resource Consulting. (Jan. 26, 2004). ââ¬Å"Responsible Executive Compensation for a New Era of Accountability.â⬠Perspective. Recovered October 14, 2006, from http://www.mercerHR.com/responsibleEC Mercer Human Resource Consulting. (Aug. 9, 2004.). Handling the Challenge of Aligning Pay with Performance. Point of view. Recovered October 14, 2006, from http://www.mercerHR.com/point of view. Parrino, Robert. (2002). Rewrapping the bundle: Managerial motivators and corporate administration. Texas Business Review, 1(5). Recovered Sept. 27, 2006, from the Business and Company Resource Center database. Traichal, Patrick A., George W. Gallinger, and Steve A. Johnson. (1999). The connection between pay-for-execution contracting and outside observing. Administrative Finance, 68(21). Recovered Sept. 27, 2006, from the Business and Company Resource Center database. Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-22049796260825649072020-08-22T00:35:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:35:28.874-07:00Existentialism in Camus and Kafka EssayFranz Kafkaââ¬â¢s The Metamorphosis and Albert Camusââ¬â¢ The Outsider, both element heroes in circumstances out of which emerge existentialist qualities. Existentialism is a way of thinking that underscores the uniqueness and separation of the individual involvement with a threatening or aloof universe, sees human presence as unexplainable, and stresses opportunity of decision and duty regarding the results of oneââ¬â¢s acts. In The Metamorphosis the hero, Gregor Samsa, understands his existentialism towards the finish of the novella. Interestingly, Monsieur Meursault, the hero in The Outsider, is aware of his existentialism, just understanding his lifeââ¬â¢s absence of significance minutes after he is condemned to death. In spite of the to some degree ridiculous nature of The Metamorphosis, and the practical idea of The Outsider, comparative qualities are imparted to the peruser. The least demanding to choose being that it is dependent upon the person to make his/her own life, and that the brutal conduct introduced by the two heroes will in the long run lead to awful things; to be specific demise in the two novellas. These passings are, be that as it may, altogether different, just like the techniques through which Kafka and Camus have made every novel only 'a way of thinking put into imagesââ¬â¢. Meursault (the storyteller) in The Stranger just observes and just needs to see the unadulterated truth in the public arena. The readerââ¬â¢s first experience with himâ⬠¦ Mama kicked the bucket today. Or on the other hand yesterday perhaps, I donââ¬â¢t know. I got a message from the home: ââ¬Å"Mother perished. Burial service tomorrow. Dependably yours. â⬠That doesnââ¬â¢t mean anything. Perhaps it was yesterday. â⬠¦ quickly gives an impression of an absence of feeling towards the downfall of his mom. This absence of feeling features the existentialist perfect that we as a whole bite the dust, so it doesnââ¬â¢t matter what life we have while we are alive. We essentially exist, as did Meursault. It gets obvious, as the novella unfurls, that Meursault has procured a creature like lack of interest towards society. His connections with his neighbor Raymond are a case of his lacks of interest. It never sunrises upon Meursault that society doesn't approve his connections with the pimp, kept away from by his locale. Meursault basically acts to occupy his time. Being a solitary man, he has a ton of time to fill, and finds the ends of the week passing especially gradually. While the scene passes gradually before Meursault, Camusââ¬â¢ content streams rapidly. He utilizes short sharp sentences to pass on a climate without feeling or feeling. This is particularly compelling between pages 21 and 24, toward the finish of section two, when Meursault is giving a graphic story of the life outside his window on a normal Sunday. He parts of the bargains 'â⬠¦ one more Sunday was overâ⬠¦ nothing had changed. ââ¬Ë Existentialism is available in almost all of Meursaultââ¬â¢s cooperations with society. One such bit of proof supporting Meursaultââ¬â¢s existentialism is his communication with Marie. His affiliation is simply sexual and physical. Meursault utilizes Marie to assist him with sitting back: he goes through a whole Saturday with her. At the point when examined regarding adoration and marriage, Meursaultââ¬â¢s answers show lack of concern through their nothingness. Meursault is existentialist to the degree that he couldnââ¬â¢t care less about the way his life (or absence of one) takes. The peruser is continually barraged with short expressions uncovering perpetually Meursaultââ¬â¢s useless point of view toward a useless presence. Instances of this come as Meursault keeping himself to just one room in his condo, his obliviousness to social desires, his careless recognizable proof with old Salamano and his pooch, and in particular his negligence for human life and the ramifications for its expulsion. As referenced in the above meaning of existentialism, it focuses on the duty regarding ones own activities. When Meursault comes to preliminary for slaughtering the Arab, he at last understands that he canââ¬â¢t assume the liability. This is the principle defining moment undoubtedly in The Outsider. Franz Kafkaââ¬â¢s The Metamorphosis is similarly as philosophical. The novella is composed as a representation, with a solid feeling of distinctive authenticity. The allegory is for any circumstance wherein somebody attempts to break free shape a social standard, just to fall; neglecting to persuade the general public that his/her activity is simply. The hero, Gregor Samsa, brought society against him when he scrutinized his life as a voyaging sales rep. Social desires had taken care of him, yet he chose, despite the fact that the peruser may accept subliminally, that it was not the spot for him. His desire to expel every social weight from his shoulders is first delineated to him through his change into a 'tremendous vermin. ââ¬Ë The hero was the storyteller in The Outsider, a man who recounted to the account of his downfall from existentialism, just to discover he required an actual existence not long before his odds were removed. The Metamorphosis, then again, is described on the third individual, where the peruser gets a fair perspective on Gregor Samsaââ¬â¢s endeavors to get existentialist. Where Camus utilized short 'to the pointââ¬â¢ articulations to show existentialism, Kafka has filled his novella with brilliant engaging strict language, trying to bring up the profundity in any circumstance, for example, Gregorââ¬â¢s many wriggling legs, his representation of his room getting ever littler and perpetually flat, and the clear nature with which the deadly apple becomes held up in Gregorââ¬â¢s back and in the end permits him to pass on. The Outsiderââ¬â¢s Meursault is existentialist, finding a requirement for an importance to life just when his is going to be taken. In The Metamorphosis, Gregor Samsa, then again, has a significance to his life, and wishes it away. The steady move towards existentialism in Kafkaââ¬â¢s novella runs all through, from the second Gregor awakens as a bug; until the second he breaths no more. Gregor shows that he realizes his life has meaning when toward the start of the novella he is progressively worried about how he will satisfy his social reason than what he will do about being a bug. Albert Camus said that 'we start living before getting the propensity for intuition. In that race which day by day rushes us towards death, the body keeps up its unsalvageable lead. ?In The Metamorphosis, Gregor considers his position, tossing his body into alarm, inevitably prompting his passing. As Gregor is additionally avoided by society for not acclimating, spoke to in the novella significantly by Gregor being a compost insect among people, he begins to overlook any sliver of importance his life can have. He looks past his space for an importance to life, however the further he contemplates, the harder society hits him. 'You will never be cheerful in the event that you keep on looking for what satisfaction comprises of. You will never live on the off chance that you are searching for the significance of life. ?Gregor understood his existentialism taking him over, as he gave his life to the fate he had for it made. Having perused the two novellas, a peruser could arrive at the decision that both component a positive topic of existentialism, while The Outsider is focused on a hero who perceives the need to change from existentialism, and The Metamorphosis around one that perceives existentialismââ¬â¢s nearness in the public eye. Toward the finish of each, the hero either bites the dust or is anticipating passing. The passings are realized by a predetermination the Meursault thought he couldnââ¬â¢t change, and Gregor brought upon himself. Meursault acknowledged past the point of no return that he wouldnââ¬â¢t have the option to assume liability for his activities. It was just when he was constrained by the preliminary to dive into his memory (something that he had little use for as an existentialist) that he perceived how he had formed his own end. Life had importance to him at that point, and his was: â⬠¦ just to wish that there be an enormous horde of observers the day of my execution and that they welcome me with cries of detest. Gregor Samsa permitted his life to end after understanding that he was liberated from society, yet in addition that existentialism rendered him pointless. Prior to his demise, his 'apathy to everything was excessively profound for him to have jumped on his back and scoured himself cleanâ⬠¦ ?From Gregorââ¬â¢s perspective, Franz Kafka was right in saying 'A first indication of the start of comprehension is the desire to bite the dust. ââ¬Ë The finish of The Outsider sees a man prepared to begin once more, however prepared past the point of no return. The finish of The Metamorphosis, in any case, serves not exclusively to permit the Samsa family an opportunity to begin once more, yet additionally to feature that in any event, following Gregorââ¬â¢s horrendous experience his family will get Gregorââ¬â¢s sister through a similar procedure that lead Gregor to his demise. Gregorââ¬â¢s sisterââ¬â¢s life is given an importance, and the peruser frequently trusts that she remembers it and regards it. The Metamorphosis features that one must take part in social collaboration to have an importance throughout everyday life, while depicting the dreary misery of an actual existence dictated by social association. The Outsider, then again, follows a thought that unobtrusively not adjusting will just damage oneself. An existentialist may contend that to hurt oneself would not make any difference, in harming oneself (particularly the manner by which Meursault did by executing the Arab); one is giving oneââ¬â¢s life a significance. Regardless of whether that importance is fortitude, the desolation will in any case end one day, as it is bound to, expelling all significance from all life. The two novellas give a legitimate blueprint of existentialism, and give, in the two cases, existentialism the negative property that it prompts passing. The creators were both exceptionally respected by their individual friends. Camus was existentialist, and Camus alluded to Kafka as an absurdist-existentialist. Both have delivered works uncovering the troubling truth of existentialism, yet not one or the other Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-39202594179024195662020-07-17T15:07:00.001-07:002020-07-17T15:07:02.800-07:00Snuff Types and Health RisksSnuff Types and Health Risks Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes Print Snuff Types and Health Risks By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on February 22, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine. Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 11, 2020 Bill Hinton Photography/Moment Open/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Snuff comes in a dry form and in a wet or moist form. Additionally, there is a creamy snuff, which is less popular than the other forms. Dry Snuff Dry snuff is a powdered tobacco product that involves curing or fermenting selected tobacco leaves which are then ground down into a fine powder. Traditional fine snuff was a product that highlighted the taste of different tobacco blends only, but most of what is sold today have a scent or flavor added as well. Common flavors include coffee, chocolate, plum, camphor, cinnamon, rose, mint, honey, vanilla, cherry, orange, apricot. Even flavors like whiskey, bourbon, and cola can be found. Most snuff is then tucked away for a period of time to allow the flavors to settle and develop before being sold. Dry snuff is snorted or sniffed into the nasal cavity, where it sends a hit of nicotine into the bloodstream quickly.?? This action often produces a sneeze, but those experienced in the practice would tell you that sneezing is the sign of a beginner. Wet Snuff Snus This is a Swedish moist snuff product that is sold in little packets. The snuff is slipped between the upper lip and gums where it sits, mixing with saliva and leaching nicotine-containing tobacco juice into the mouth. Most snus packets contain about 30 percent tobacco and 70 percent water and flavorings.?? Dipping Tobacco (Dip) This is an American snuff product that is also moist. It is comprised of ground-up or loose bits of shredded tobacco that users take a pinch of to place between cheek and gum. As the juice builds up, its either spit out or swallowed. Chewing Tobacco (Chew) Chewing tobacco comes in a few different forms: loose, leaf, pellets and plugs. Some are flavored and/or sweetened, and all forms of it are chewed to release tobacco juices. Both dip and chew tobacco are discarded, not swallowed when finished. Creamy Snuff Sold in toothpaste tubes, creamy snuff is meant to be applied to the gums by rubbing it on with the finger or toothbrush. It is then left in place for a few minutes before the spitting out the tobacco-laden saliva it produces. Creamy snuff is made up of tobacco paste, clove oil, glycerin, and mint flavorings. Its used mainly in India by women as a toothpaste to clean the teeth. Creamy snuff is addictive, just like any other snuff product. Who Uses Snuff? Snuff has a long history of use. Mayan snuff containers dating to AD 300-900 have been found. Snuff has turned up in numerous cultures and time periods elsewhere in the world, from South America to Spain and other parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. John Rolfe, husband of Pocahontas introduced commercially manufactured snuff to North America in the early 1600s.?? Following a period of time where snuff was frowned upon and banned by the Pope and a couple of French Kings, it regained popularity with French, English, and even American aristocrats. Interestingly, the U.S Congress passed the first federal excise tax on tobacco products in 1794. A tax of 8 cents was applied to snuff and represented 60 percent of the cost of a container of it. Smoking and chewing tobacco were not included in this tax. James Madison opposed it, saying it deprived poorer people of innocent gratification. Today, snuff is still available in smoke shops throughout Europe. It is regulated in the same way as other tobacco products, including age restrictions. In the United States, snuff is not popular, so is not as easily obtained. It can be found in specialty smoke shops and online. Health Risks All forms of snuff put users at risk for nicotine addiction.?? Oral snuff can attract a multitude of oral problems, including leukoplakia, receding gums, tooth loss, and oral cancer.?? Chronic abuse of dry snuff leads to morphological and functional changes in the nasal mucosa. Users are also exposed to carcinogens in the tobacco; using snuff may increase the risk of head and neck cancer.?? Is Snuff a Good Alternative to Smoking? While snuff doesnt contain tar or any of the toxic gases produced by burning cigarettes, all forms do have nicotine and users will become addicted because of that. Snuff tobacco also contains tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), thought to be some of the most potent carcinogens in tobacco.?? The best possible choice is to avoid all tobacco products completely. If youre addicted to nicotine, use the resources here to help you quit now. Addiction never just fades away on its own, so be proactive and kick it out of your life. You wont regret it. Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-67154954141735214082020-05-21T17:01:00.001-07:002020-05-21T17:01:03.416-07:00Obstacles of Fathers in the United States - 1610 Words The purpose of this article is to better understand the outlooks, levels of engagement, and obstacles of fathers in the United States. The authors noted that fathers who participated in this survey range between the age of 18 and older. This telephone survey consists of fathers themselves answering questions related to their own fatherhood roles. Further, this article presents the results of the hundreds of American men promoting behaviors, such as agreeing or disagreeing about being involve, cohabitating or married to the child or children mother. This child may be an adoptive or biological child. The dilemma that is exposed in this research argues that a young father compared to an older father, is relative different with the religionâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Demographically, over 90% of the participants strongly agreed that fatherhood is crucial in our society. A little over 47% of fathers, that encouragement from the mothers of their children matters because of the obstacles they faced with finance, and their duties on the job. The final results of marital status statistics is over 80% married fathers, nine percent divorced, and six percent never married. One surprising statistic was 90% cohabitate with the mother and focal child (Glenn Popenoe, 2006). In sequential order, what were the major steps in performing the study? The significant step in performing this multivariate analysis is measured from the best possible results from these fathers. In regards to the results, the father opinions of their performance as a father really matters in performing this study. These questions were asked in a statement form of agreeing, strongly, agree, or somewhat agree or disagree of various percentages of a responsible father in the United States. The response of these telephone surveys determines the American fathers attitudes and beliefs, whether answered positively or negatively. What data were recorded and used for analysis (questionnaire, test scores, etc.)? The questionnaire surveys were recorded by telephone line, in a sample designed to fathers ages 18Show MoreRelatedMy Family Believes in Education Essay783 Words à |à 4 Pagesschool was in mind for them, duty was not a choice. They had to do this whether they liked it or not. My father was coursing middle school in Mexico when my grandfather passed away giving him no other choice but to leave school and search for a job to maintain the family. On the other hand, my mother was not able to finish grade school and started to work at an earlier age, compared to my father. 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The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) has reduced tensionsRead MoreThe Separation of Powers in the United States Political System612 Words à |à 3 PagesThe Separation of Powers in the United States Political System In the 18th Century, the French philosopher Montesquieu, who had been one of the inspirations behind the French Revolution, argued that limitation would be necessary within government within government in order to avoid tyranny. He identified the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary as the four braches of government which needed to be separated. To do this, he suggested the Separation of Powers, a Read MoreRole Of An Interest Group On The United States And. Texas Political System Essay1143 Words à |à 5 Pageson a large public group, such as family and friends of public school-aged children in the United States. Clive S. Thomas states, The most important lobbying forces in any society are the various entities of government: national, regional, and local government agencies and institutions such as the military (Thomas). The role of an interest group in the United States and/or Texas political system is creating a relationship with the staff of congress. This relationship provides a window Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-6851875209995815072020-05-06T08:14:00.002-07:002020-05-06T08:16:06.991-07:00Normal Distribution Free Essays Finda)P(Z gt; 2. 58),b)P(Z lt; -1),c)P(-1. 5 ( Z lt; 5) Ans : a) P( Z gt; 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Normal Distribution or any similar topic only for you Order Now 58) = 0. 0049 ( 4 decimal places) b) P ( Z lt; -1) = 0. 1587 ( 4 decimal places) c) P ( -1. 5? Z lt; 5) = P ( -1. 5 lt; Z lt; 5) = (0. 5- 0. 0668) + ( 0. 5 -0) = 0. 9332 ( 4 decimal places) 2. Find the value of z if the area under a Standard Normal curve a)to the right of z is 0. 3632; b)to the left of z is 0. 1131; c)between 0 and z, with z gt; 0, is 0. 4838; d)between -z and z, with z gt; 0, is 0. 9500. Ans : a) z = + 0. 35 ( find 0. 5- 0. 3632 = 0. 1368 in the normal table) b) z = -1. 1 ( find 0. 5 ââ¬â 0. 1131 = 0. 3869 in the normal table) c ) the area between 0 to z is 0. 4838, z = 2. 14 d) the area to the right of +z = ( 1-0. 95)/2 = 0. 025, therefore z = 1. 96 3. Given the Normally distributed variable X with mean 18 and standard deviation 2. 5, find a)P(X lt; 15); b)the value of k such that P(X lt; k) = 0. 2236; c)the value of k such that P(X gt; k) = 0. 1814; d)P( 17 lt; X lt; 21). Ans : X ~ N ( 18, 2. 52) a) P ( X lt; 15) P ( Z lt; (15-18)/2. 5) = P ( Z lt; -1. 2) = 0. 1151 ( 4 decimal places) b) P ( X lt; k) = 0. 2236 P ( Z lt; ( k ââ¬â 18) / 2. ) = 0. 2236 From normal table, 0. 2236 = -0. 76 (k-18)/2. 5 = ââ¬â 0. 76, solve k = 16. 1 c) P (X gt; k) = 0. 1814 P ( Z gt; (k-18)/2. 5 ) = 0. 1814 From normal table, 0. 1814 = 0. 91 (k-18)/ 2. 5 = 0. 91, solve k = 20. 275 d) P ( 17 lt; X lt; 21) P ( (17 -18)/2. 5 lt; Z lt; ( 21-18)/2. 5) P ( -0. 4 lt; Z lt; 1. 2) = 0. 8849 ââ¬â 0. 3446 = 0. 5403 ( 4 decimal places) 4. In a sample of 25 observations from a Normal Distribution with mean 98. 6 and standard deviation 17. 2, find: Ans: a) n = 25, [pic] = ( = 98. 6, [pic] = /n = 17. 2/(25 = 3. 44 [pic]( N (98. 6, 3. 442 ) Prob = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P( (92-98. 6)/3. 44 lt; Z lt; (102-98. 6)/3. 44 ) = P( -1. 92 lt; Z lt; 0. 99) = 0. 8116 b)the corresponding probability given a sample of 36. Ans: b) n = 36, [pic] = ( = 98. 6, [pic] = /n = 17. 2/(36 = 2. 87 [pic]( N (98. 6, 2. 872 ) Prob = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P( (92-98. 6)/2. 87 lt; Z lt; (102-98. 6)/2. 87 ) = P( -2. 30 lt; Z lt; 1. 19) = 0. 8723 ( * or 0. 8703 if rounding for 2. 87) 5. An X-ray technician is taking reading from her machine to ensure that it adheres to federal safety guidelines. She knows that the standard deviation of the amount of radiation emitted by the machine is 150 units, but she wants to take readings until the standard error of the sampling distribution is no higher than 25 units. How many reading should she take? Ans: Let X be the readings of radiation emitted by the machine. [pic] = /n = 150(n we want to find n such that 150/(n = [pic] ( 25 ( (n ( 6 ( n ( 36 She should take at least 36 readings. 6. Peter, researcher for a coffee corporation, is interested in determining the rate of coffee usage per household. He believes that yearly consumption per household is normally distributed with an unknown mean and a standard deviation of about 1. 25 pounds. a)If Peter takes a sample of 36 households and records their consumption of coffee for 1 year, what is the probability that the sample mean is within one-half pound of the population mean? Ans: Let X be the yearly consumption of coffee per household. n = 36, [pic]=( = ? , [pic] = /n = 1. 25(36 = 0. 2083 [pic]( N ([pic], 0. 20832 ) a)Prob = P(( ââ¬â 0. 5 lt; [pic] lt; ( + 0. 5) = P(- 0. 5/[pic] lt; Z lt; 0. /[pic]) = P( -0. 5/0. 2083 lt; Z lt; 0. 5/0. 2083 ) = P( -2. 4 lt; Z lt; 2. 4) = 0. 9836 b)How large a sample must be taken in order to be 98 percent certain that the sample mean is within one-half pound of the population mean? Ans: n = ? ,[pic] = /n = 1. 25/(n P(( ââ¬â 0. 5 lt; [pic] lt; ( + 0. 5) = 0. 98 ( P(-0. 5 lt; [pic]- ( lt; +0. 5) = 0. 98 ( P( -0. 5/1. 25/(n lt; Z lt; +0. 5/1. 25/(n ) = 0. 98 From Normal Table, we have P(-2. 33 lt; Z lt; 2. 33) = 0. 98 ( 0. 5/1. 25/(n = 2. 33 ( n = 33. 93 ( at least 34 households. How to cite Normal Distribution, Papers Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-23458139403674295322020-05-06T08:14:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:14:03.361-07:00Normal Distribution Free Essays Finda)P(Z gt; 2. 58),b)P(Z lt; -1),c)P(-1. 5 ( Z lt; 5) Ans : a) P( Z gt; 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Normal Distribution or any similar topic only for you Order Now 58) = 0. 0049 ( 4 decimal places) b) P ( Z lt; -1) = 0. 1587 ( 4 decimal places) c) P ( -1. 5? Z lt; 5) = P ( -1. 5 lt; Z lt; 5) = (0. 5- 0. 0668) + ( 0. 5 -0) = 0. 9332 ( 4 decimal places) 2. Find the value of z if the area under a Standard Normal curve a)to the right of z is 0. 3632; b)to the left of z is 0. 1131; c)between 0 and z, with z gt; 0, is 0. 4838; d)between -z and z, with z gt; 0, is 0. 9500. Ans : a) z = + 0. 35 ( find 0. 5- 0. 3632 = 0. 1368 in the normal table) b) z = -1. 1 ( find 0. 5 ââ¬â 0. 1131 = 0. 3869 in the normal table) c ) the area between 0 to z is 0. 4838, z = 2. 14 d) the area to the right of +z = ( 1-0. 95)/2 = 0. 025, therefore z = 1. 96 3. Given the Normally distributed variable X with mean 18 and standard deviation 2. 5, find a)P(X lt; 15); b)the value of k such that P(X lt; k) = 0. 2236; c)the value of k such that P(X gt; k) = 0. 1814; d)P( 17 lt; X lt; 21). Ans : X ~ N ( 18, 2. 52) a) P ( X lt; 15) P ( Z lt; (15-18)/2. 5) = P ( Z lt; -1. 2) = 0. 1151 ( 4 decimal places) b) P ( X lt; k) = 0. 2236 P ( Z lt; ( k ââ¬â 18) / 2. ) = 0. 2236 From normal table, 0. 2236 = -0. 76 (k-18)/2. 5 = ââ¬â 0. 76, solve k = 16. 1 c) P (X gt; k) = 0. 1814 P ( Z gt; (k-18)/2. 5 ) = 0. 1814 From normal table, 0. 1814 = 0. 91 (k-18)/ 2. 5 = 0. 91, solve k = 20. 275 d) P ( 17 lt; X lt; 21) P ( (17 -18)/2. 5 lt; Z lt; ( 21-18)/2. 5) P ( -0. 4 lt; Z lt; 1. 2) = 0. 8849 ââ¬â 0. 3446 = 0. 5403 ( 4 decimal places) 4. In a sample of 25 observations from a Normal Distribution with mean 98. 6 and standard deviation 17. 2, find: Ans: a) n = 25, [pic] = ( = 98. 6, [pic] = /n = 17. 2/(25 = 3. 44 [pic]( N (98. 6, 3. 442 ) Prob = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P( (92-98. 6)/3. 44 lt; Z lt; (102-98. 6)/3. 44 ) = P( -1. 92 lt; Z lt; 0. 99) = 0. 8116 b)the corresponding probability given a sample of 36. Ans: b) n = 36, [pic] = ( = 98. 6, [pic] = /n = 17. 2/(36 = 2. 87 [pic]( N (98. 6, 2. 872 ) Prob = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P( (92-98. 6)/2. 87 lt; Z lt; (102-98. 6)/2. 87 ) = P( -2. 30 lt; Z lt; 1. 19) = 0. 8723 ( * or 0. 8703 if rounding for 2. 87) 5. An X-ray technician is taking reading from her machine to ensure that it adheres to federal safety guidelines. She knows that the standard deviation of the amount of radiation emitted by the machine is 150 units, but she wants to take readings until the standard error of the sampling distribution is no higher than 25 units. How many reading should she take? Ans: Let X be the readings of radiation emitted by the machine. [pic] = /n = 150(n we want to find n such that 150/(n = [pic] ( 25 ( (n ( 6 ( n ( 36 She should take at least 36 readings. 6. Peter, researcher for a coffee corporation, is interested in determining the rate of coffee usage per household. He believes that yearly consumption per household is normally distributed with an unknown mean and a standard deviation of about 1. 25 pounds. a)If Peter takes a sample of 36 households and records their consumption of coffee for 1 year, what is the probability that the sample mean is within one-half pound of the population mean? Ans: Let X be the yearly consumption of coffee per household. n = 36, [pic]=( = ? , [pic] = /n = 1. 25(36 = 0. 2083 [pic]( N ([pic], 0. 20832 ) a)Prob = P(( ââ¬â 0. 5 lt; [pic] lt; ( + 0. 5) = P(- 0. 5/[pic] lt; Z lt; 0. /[pic]) = P( -0. 5/0. 2083 lt; Z lt; 0. 5/0. 2083 ) = P( -2. 4 lt; Z lt; 2. 4) = 0. 9836 b)How large a sample must be taken in order to be 98 percent certain that the sample mean is within one-half pound of the population mean? Ans: n = ? ,[pic] = /n = 1. 25/(n P(( ââ¬â 0. 5 lt; [pic] lt; ( + 0. 5) = 0. 98 ( P(-0. 5 lt; [pic]- ( lt; +0. 5) = 0. 98 ( P( -0. 5/1. 25/(n lt; Z lt; +0. 5/1. 25/(n ) = 0. 98 From Normal Table, we have P(-2. 33 lt; Z lt; 2. 33) = 0. 98 ( 0. 5/1. 25/(n = 2. 33 ( n = 33. 93 ( at least 34 households. How to cite Normal Distribution, Papers Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-5094275974422981162020-04-25T16:21:00.001-07:002020-04-25T16:21:03.575-07:00Pornoviolence By Tom Wolfe Essays - Tom Wolfe, Wolfe, Slasher Film Pornoviolence By Tom Wolfe Judging by your most unfavorable reactions to these conversations, I can tell that you don?t like what you hear. Well, what you just heard were the first six paragraphs, the introduction of Tom Wolfe?s 1976 essay entitled Pornoviolence. This story that talks about a convention of tabloid authors begins with those banal introductions. Wolfe felt as if names were obsolete, as the authors that submit these stories are ?stringers? or correspondents from around the country and as a result, they are all known by their stories? titles. Wolfe provides a definition of pornoviolence by distinguishing it from the old pornography. He argues that the media previously attracted readership of magazines and tabloids with pornography. Instead, he claims that today pornoviolence is stimulated by violence that puts television viewers in the position of control, and he supports his position using examples of programs that contain the pornography of violence. Basically, he says that pornoviolence is the pornography of violence; only the weirdest, grossest stuff would be considered as usable material. Video games like the Mortal Kombat series, Perfect Dark, or James Bond 007 and ?slasher flicks? such as Scream, I Know What You Did Last Summer, and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre are excellent examples of gratuitous violence that have been released in the past several years. Inadvertently, Wolfe poses a question to all of us: Do we as people evolve along with the TV violence, or are television producers just giving us what they think we want? English Essays Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-16887811274932383862020-03-18T09:08:00.001-07:002020-03-18T09:08:02.708-07:00Viral Marketing Essay ExampleViral Marketing Essay Example Viral Marketing Essay Viral Marketing Essay History Unbalanced scales. svg The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (September 2008) There is debate on the origination and the popularization of the term Viral Marketing, though some of the earliest uses of the current term are attributed to Harvard Business School graduate Tim Draper and Harvard Business School faculty member Jeffrey Rayport. The term was later popularized by Jeffrey Rayport in his 1996 Fast Company article The Virus of Marketing , and Tim Draper and Steve Jurvetson of the venture capital firm Draper Fisher Jurvetson in 1997 to describe Hotmails e-mail practice of appending advertising for itself in outgoing mail from their users. [3] Among the first to write about viral marketing on the Internet was media critic Douglas Rushkoff in his 1994 book Media Virus: Hidden Agendas in Popular Culture. The assumption is that if such an advertisement reaches a susceptible user, that user will become infected (i. e. , accept the idea) and will then go on to share the idea with others infecting them, in the viral analogys terms. As long as each infected user shares the idea with more than one susceptible user on average (i. e. , the basic reproductive rate is greater than one the standard in epidemiology for qualifying something as an epidemic), the number of infected users will grow according to a logarithmic curve, whose initial segment appears exponential. Of course, the marketing campaign may be wildly successful even if the rate at which things are spread isnt of epidemic proportions, if this user-to-user sharing is sustained by other forms of marketing communications, such as public relations or advertising. Among the first to write about algorithms designed to identify people with high Social Networking Potential is Bob Gerstley in Advertising Research is Changing. Gerstley uses SNP algorithms in quantitative marketing research to help marketers maximize the effectiveness of viral marketing campaigns. In 2004 the concept of Alpha User was released to indicate that it had become ow possible to technically isolate the focal point members of any viral campaign, the hubs who are most influential. Alpha Users can today be isolated and identified, and even targeted for viral advertising purposes most accurately in mobile phone networks, as mobile phones are so personal. In response to its use, many sites have started up trying to describ e what viral marketing is and to offer viral marketing services as an outsourced extension of a business. [citation needed] [edit] Notable examples * The Ponzi scheme and related investment Pyramid schemes, are early examples of viral marketing. In each round, investors are paid interest from the principal deposits of later investors. Early investors are so enthusiastic that they recruit their friends resulting in exponential growth until the pool of available investors is tapped out and the scheme collapses. * Multi-level marketing popularized in the 1960s and 70s (not to be confused with Ponzi schemes) is essentially a form of viral marketing in which representatives gain income through marketing products through their circle of influence and give their friends a chance to market products similarly. Multis include Amway and Mary Kay Cosmetics among many others. * Early in its existence (perhaps between 1988 and 1992), the television show Mystery Science Theater 3000 had limited distribution. The producers encouraged viewers to make copies of the show on video tapes and give them to friends in order to expand viewership and increase demand for the fledgling Comedy Central network. During this period the closing credits included the words Keep circulating the tapes! [5] * In 2000, Slate described TiVos unpublicized gambit of giving free TiVos to web-savvy enthusiasts to create viral word of mouth, pointing out that a viral campaign differs from a publicity stunt. [6] * In 2001, BusinessWeek described web-based campaigns for Hotmail (1996) and The Blair Witch Project (1999) as striking examples of viral marketing, but warned of some dangers for imitation marketers. [7] * Launched in 2002, BMW Films was among the earliest viral marketing ampaigns. It attracted nearly 55 million viewers and helped to elevate the career of Clive Owen. * Some accuse Publius Enigma, a series of unusual postings in 1994 that relate to The Division Bell, to be viral marketing to gain attention for the album. * Burger Kings The Subservient Chicken campaign, running from 2004 until 2007, was cited in Wired magazine as a striking example of viral or word-of-mouth marketing. [8] * Cadburys Dairy Milk 2007 Gorilla advertising campaign was heavily popularised on YouTube and Facebook. The release of the 2007 concept album Year Zero by Nine Inch Nails involved a viral marketing campaign, including the band leaving USB drives at concerts during NINs 2007 European Tour. This was followed up with a series of interlinked websites revealing clues and information about the dystopian future in which the album is set. * In 2007, World Wrestling Entertainment promoted the return of Chris Jericho with a viral marketing campaign using 15-second cryptic binary code videos. The videos contained hidden messages and biblical links related to Jericho, although speculation existed throughout WWE fans over whom the campaign targeted. 9][10] The text Save Us and 2nd Coming were most prominent in the videos. The campaign spread throughout the internet with numerous websites, though no longer operational, featuring hidden messages and biblical links to further hint at Jerichos r eturn. [11][12] * In 2007 the New York Times advertising columnist Stuart Elliott wrote about a business-to-business viral campaign for a software company, showing that viral advertising has application in areas outside of consumer marketing. [13] * In 2007, Portuguese football club Sporting Portugal integrated a viral feature in their campaign for season seats. In their website, a video required the user to input his name and phone number before playback started, which then featured the coach Paulo Bento and the players waiting at the locker room while he makes a phone call to the user telling him that they just cant start the season until the user buys his season ticket. [14] Flawless video and phone call synchronization and the fact that it was a totally new experience for the user led to nearly 200,000 pageviews phone calls in less than 24 hours. [citation needed] * Avirginsplea. om claimed that a 25-year old virgin living in Toronto named Geoff needed five million hits on his website in 30 days in order for Jenn, one of his very hot platonic female friends, to help him lose his virginity. * The 2008 film Cloverfield was first publicized with a teaser trailer that did not advertise the films title, only its release date: 01à ·18à ·08. Elements of the viral marketing campaign included MySpace pages created for fictional characters and websites created for fictional companies alluded to in the film. The Big Word Project, launched in 2008, aims to redefine the Oxford English Dictionary by allowing people to submit their website as the definition of their chosen word. The viral marketing project, created to fund two Masters students educations, attracted the attention of bloggers worldwide, being featured on Daring Fireball and Wired Magazine. [15] * The marketing campaign for the 2008 film The Dark Knight combined both online and real-life elements to make it resemble an alternate reality game. Techniques included mass gatherings of Joker fans, scavenger hunts around the world, detailed and intricate websites that let fans actually participate in voting for political offices in Gotham City, hidden phone numbers and websites in the queue lines of The Dark Knight roller coasters at Six Flags Great America and Six Flags Great Adventure, and even a Gotham News Network that has links to other Gotham pages such as Gotham Rail, a Gotham travel agency, and political candidates pages. The movie also markets heavily off of word of mouth from the thousands of Batman fans. Both the second and third games in the Halo series were preceded with viral marketing in the form of an alternate reality game called I Love Bees for the second game, and Iris for the third game. * In December 2009, podcasters of The Mike OMeara Show launched a viral marketing campaign on Facebook to encourage others to download the show. * Between December 2009 and March 2010 a series of seven videos were posted to YouTube under the name iamamiwhoami leading to speculation that they were a marketing campaign for a musician. In March 2010, an anonymous package was sent to an MTV journalist claiming to contain a code which if cracked would give the identity of the artist. [16] The seventh video, entitled b, appears to feature the Swedish singer Jonna Lee. [17][18][19][20] * On July 14 2010, Old Spice launched the fastest growing online viral video campaign ever, garnering 6. 7 million views after 24 hours, ballooning over 23 million views after 36 hours[21]. Old Spices agency created a bathroom set in Portland, OR and had their TV commercial star, Isaiah Mustafa, reply to 186 online comments and questions rom websites like Twitter, Facebook, Reddit, Digg, Youtube and others. The campaign ran for 3 days[22]. [edit] Viral Marketing Services Viral marketing services (VMS) include full service marketing, advertising, and media brokerage. There are outsourced companies hired for these services. Like other professional niches, (i. e. lawyer, accountant, IT), companies are now being sought for their professional insight and expertise in Guerilla marketing strategies and advanced Internet and mobility technology in the hopes of providing more leads, sales, and profits than traditional marketing service providers. A VMS company will typically create impressions for a very specific market or audience as defined by a client. The more impressions created for a client, the greater the chance of increasing prospective customer awareness of the clientââ¬â¢s products or services. A VMS companyââ¬â¢s basis of success is based on the ability to successfully leverage many forms of media to create a large market presence for the client. A VMS company is not responsible for searching out leads. Rather, they are responsible for creating leads through brand recognition by means of market branding and innovative advertising services. edit] Methods * Internet Search Engines Blogs * Target Marketing Web Services * Social Media Interconnectivity * Industry specific organization contributions * Television Radio * Multiple forms of Print and Direct Marketing * SEO Web Development * Customer Participation Polling services * Outbound/Inbound Call Center Services * Mobile SmartPhone Integration VMS target m arketing is based on three important principals: 1. Social Profile Gathering 2. Proximity Market Analysis 3. Real-Time Key word Density Analysis By applying these three important disciplines to an advertising model, a VMS company is able to match a client with their targeted customers at a cost effective advantage. [edit] Motivations Products and services change as consumers demand change. Because of this, businesses have recognized that the method of marketing must change. Marketing is about putting your business in front of the largest interested audience for the lowest cost per viewer. In the early 20ââ¬â¢s, radio was the means of reaching a mass audience followed by television in the late 40ââ¬â¢s. Television would maintain the number one spot in terms of mass audience advertising until the Internet took hold in the mid-90ââ¬â¢s. Now people are sharing information, collaborating on topics of interest, and networking on the internet in ways not previously imaginable. [edit] Statistics * Two thirds of the worldââ¬â¢s Internet population now visit a social network or blog site weekly[23] * 220+ million people visit the top 25 social networks each month[24] * Facebook alone has 500+ million active users[25] Social media Internet traffic has exceeded adult entertainment sites * Time spent visiting Social media sites now exceeds time spent emailing[26] * Consistent polls reflect that 89% of people forward news, events, and vendor specific information to people in their network. [27] * 59% of adults polled state that they use their cell phone to remain connected with their social network[28] Because of statistics such as these, companies ââ¬â big or small ââ¬â have seen to it that viral marketing services are integrated into their company. Because the cost per impression is typically much lower in comparison to other forms of media, businesses have been able to reach a very large buying audience at a lower cost when compared to other forms of available media. [edit] Techniques Many companies simply embed key words on their web site to support Search Engine Optimization best practices in order to receive a high ranking on Google in the hopes of building a strong internet business. However, this is only one component to capitalizing on the power of viral marketing. Viral marketing is about connections. The more quality connections a company can make, the more business impressions they will create. The more business impressions they create the higher likelihood that a consumer (or other business requiring a service) will make contact to purchase a good or service. By use of a social profile gathering system, a VMS company is able to create interconnections with web sites and social media groups specific to the clientââ¬â¢s market audience. In addition to the more common social media web sites (LinkedIn, Facebook, etc. , the internet is home to over 300,000 social community web service providers. Each of these social community web service providers have from 5 million to 50 million active users thus creating a large community of active consumers. By actively maintaining an extensive analytical database of these connections, a VMS goal is to be able to successfully match a business with the targeted buyers. Technology is the tool that allows b usinesses to moderate, manage, and automate communication with the global scale of Internet users. VMS technology incorporates artificial intelligence which allows a system to communicate with a prospective buyer via their phone (voice), SMS (Text Message), blog site, or email. Without having this level of sophisticated technology in place, a VMS company would be unable to manage the large amount of users and leads available on the Internet; but because of the advancements of technology, targeted campaigns can meet the goals and requirements of businesses from all over the world. Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-33821519727184218332020-03-02T00:54:00.001-08:002020-03-02T00:54:03.749-08:00Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay, the Savior of DunkirkAdmiral Sir Bertram Ramsay, the Savior of Dunkirk Born January 20, 1883, Bertram Home Ramsay was the son of Captain William Ramsay in the British Army. Attending the Royal Colchester Grammar School as a youth, Ramsay elected not to follow his two older brothers into the Army. Instead, he sought a career at sea and joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in 1898. Posted to the training ship HMS Britannia, he attended what became the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. Graduating in 1899, Ramsay was elevated to midshipman and later received a posting to the cruiser HMS Crescent. In 1903, he took part in British operations in Somaliland and earned recognition for his work with British Army forces shore. Returning home, Ramsay received orders to join the revolutionary new battleship HMS Dreadnought. World War I A modernizer at heart, Ramsay thrived in the increasingly technical Royal Navy. After attending the Naval Signal School in 1909-1910, he received admission to the new Royal Naval War College in 1913. A member of the colleges second class, Ramsay graduated a year later with the rank of lieutenant commander. Returning to the Dreadnought, he was aboard when World War I began in August 1914. Early the following year, he was offered the post of flag lieutenant for the Grand Fleets cruiser commander. Though a prestigious posting, Ramsay declined as he was seeking a commandà position of his own. This proved fortuitous as it would have seen him assigned to HMS Defense, which was later lost at the Battle of Jutland. Instead, Ramsay served a brief stint in the signals section at the Admiralty before being given command of the monitor HMS M25 on the Dover Patrol. As the war progressed, he was given command of the destroyer leader HMS Broke. On May 9, 1918, Ramsay took part in Vice-Admiral Roger Keyes Second Ostend Raid. This saw the Royal Navy attempt to block the channels into the port of Ostend. Though the mission was only partly successful, Ramsay was mentioned in despatches for his performance during the operation. Remaining in command of Broke, he carried King George V to France to visit the troops of the British Expeditionary Force. With the conclusion of hostilities, Ramsay was transferred to the staff of Admiral of the Fleet John Jellicoe in 1919. Serving as his flag commander, Ramsay accompanied Jellicoe on a year-long tour of the British Dominions to assess naval strength and advise on policy. Interwar Years Arriving back in Britain, Ramsay was promoted to captain in 1923 and attended senior officersââ¬â¢ war and tactical courses. Returning to sea, he commanded the light cruiser HMS Danae between 1925 and 1927. Coming ashore, Ramsay began a two-year assignment as an instructor at the war college. Towards the end of his tenure, he married Helen Menzies with whom he would ultimately have two sons. Given command of the heavy cruiser HMS Kent, Ramsay was also made chief of staff to Admiral Sir Arthur Waistell, commander in chief of the China Squadron. Remaining abroad until 1931, he was given a teaching post at the Imperial Defense College that July. With the end of his term, Ramsay gained command of the battleship HMS Royal Sovereign in 1933. Two years later, Ramsay became chief of staff to the commander of the Home Fleet, Admiral Sir Roger Backhouse. Though the two men were friends, they differed widely on how the fleet should be administered. While Backhouse firmly believed in centralized control, Ramsay advocated for delegation and decentralization to better allow commanders to act at sea. Clashing on several occasions, Ramsay asked to be relieved after just four months. Inactive for the better part of three years, he declined an assignment to China and later began working on plans to reactivate the Dover Patrol. After reaching the top of the rear-admiralsââ¬â¢ list in October 1938, the Royal Navy elected to move him to the Retired List. With relations with Germany deteriorating in 1939, he was coaxed from retirement by Winston Churchill in August and promoted to vice admiral commanding Royal Navy forces at Dover. World War II With the beginning of World War II in September 1939, Ramsay worked to expand his command. In May 1940, as German forces began inflicting a series of defeats on the Allies in the Low Countries and France, he was approached by Churchill to begin planning an evacuation. Meeting at Dover Castle, the two men planned Operation Dynamo which called for a large-scale evacuation of British forces from Dunkirk. Initially hoping to evacuate 45,000 men over two days, the evacuation saw Ramsay employ a massive fleet of disparate vessels which ultimately saved 332,226 men over nine days. Employing the flexible system of command and control that he had advocated in 1935, he rescued a large force which could immediately be put to use defending Britain. For his efforts, Ramsay was knighted. North Africa Through the summer and fall, Ramsay worked to develop plans for opposing Operation Sea Lion (the German invasion of Britain) while the Royal Air Force fought the Battle of Britain in the skies above. With the RAFs victory, the invasion threat quieted. Remaining at Dover until 1942, Ramsay was appointed Naval Force Commander for the invasion of Europe on April 29. As it became clear that the Allies would not be in a position to conduct landings on the continent that year, he was shifted to the Mediterranean as Deputy Naval Commander for the invasion of North Africa. Though he served under Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham, Ramsay was responsible for much of the planning and worked with Lieutenant General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Sicily and Normandy As the campaign in North Africa was coming to a successful conclusion, Ramsay was tasked with planning the invasion of Sicily. Leading the eastern task force during the invasion in July 1943, Ramsay coordinated closely with General Sir Bernard Montgomery and provided support once the campaign ashore began. With operation in Sicily winding down, Ramsay was ordered back to Britain to serve as Allied Naval Commander for the invasion of Normandy. Promoted to admiral in October, he began developing plans for a fleet that would ultimately include over 5,000 ships. Developing detailed plans, he delegated key elements to his subordinates and allowed them to act accordingly. As the date for the invasion neared, Ramsay was forced to defuse a situation between Churchill and King George VI as both desired to watch the landings from the light cruiser HMS Belfast. As the cruiser was needed for bombardment duty, he forbade either leader from embarking, stating that their presence put the ship at risk and that they would be needed ashore should key decisions need to be made. Pushing forward, the D-Day landings commenced on June 6, 1944. As Allied troops stormed ashore, Ramsays ships provided fire support and also began aiding in the rapid build-up of men and supplies. Final Weeks Continuing to support operations in Normandy through the summer, Ramsay began advocating for the rapid capture of Antwerp and its sea approaches as he anticipated that ground forces might outrun their supply lines from Normandy. Unconvinced, Eisenhower failed to quickly secure the Scheldt River, which led to the city, and instead pushed forward with Operation Market-Garden in the Netherlands. As a result, a supply crisis did develop which necessitated a protracted fight for the Scheldt. On January 2, 1945, Ramsay, who was in Paris, departed for a meeting with Montgomery in Brussels. Leaving from Toussus-le-Noble, his Lockheed Hudson crashed during takeoff and Ramsay and four others were killed. Following a funeral attended by Eisenhower and Cunningham, Ramsay was buried near Paris at St.-Germain-en-Laye. In recognition of his accomplishments, a statue of Ramsay was erected at Dover Castle, near where he planned the Dunkirk Evacuation, in 2000. Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-24229484433539639352020-02-14T16:18:00.001-08:002020-02-14T16:18:02.724-08:00St. Matthew's Passion by Bach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsSt. Matthew's Passion by Bach - Essay Example The music was text bound and therefore difficult to measure because of its spiritual and expressive intensity. Bach was counterpoint master as he used all baroque era musical language resource with ease. He could combine Germany intricate counterpoint, French rhythmic dances and graceful melodies of Italy in a single composition. Some of his work include Christmas oratorio which include St. Matthew Passion and ascension cantata (six cantatas) (Robin, 1999). Master of St. Matthew Passion It is an oratorio written by Bach for orchestra, choir and solo voices. Matthewââ¬â¢s gospel chapter 26 and 27 are set into music with arias and chorale that are interspersed throughout the musical text (Robin, 1999). Composition The setting of Bachââ¬â¢s passion present chapter is in 26 and 27 of Matthewââ¬â¢s biblical text in a simple manner by use of recitative. In addition, latest poetic texts are set by ariaso and aria movements which explain various biblical events in a narrative form ( Robin, 1999). Lyrism and monologue are used to present the state of mind of the characters that are involved. St. Matthew Passion has the following aspects: a) Double-choir which originate from double-choir motets. b) Chorales are used extensively and appear and are found in four parts as an arias extension. In polyphonic movements which are large, chorales appears as cantus firmus. This quite evident in the finale of the first movement Mensch, bewein deinââ¬â¢ Sunde gro?. Chorale cantus firmus is also used in opening chorus, as Kommt, ihr Tochter, helft mir klagen where soprano in ripieno create harmonic and polyphonic anxiety, singing O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig verse (Robin,1999) The oratorio is a twelve score concertato with eight soloists performing in two choirs(Robin,1999). Furthermore, extra parts have two bass and single soprano voices in the bit parts which include Peter, Pilate Wife, High Priests, and Judas with another section for soprano in ripieno. vocal ensembles has three voice parts (three basses, three tenors , three sopranos and three altos and residual which has two parts that provide soloists ( Concertists) for the composed cantatas together with other vocal works. Secco recitative is used in the gospel narration with continuo accompaniments (Robin, 1999). Words describing various characters are sung in recitative form. Apart from Jesus, other named parts, include two ancillae(maids),two witness, Judas, two high priest, peter and Pilatesââ¬â¢ wife. Arias are often assigned to character soloist who sings with the choir(Robin,1999). In addition, a pair of soloists sings the two duets which concurrently represent two speakers. Turba (Crowd) are passages for many speakers and is sung by either one or two choirs. There is special treatment for the words of Jesus Vox Christi. This is by creation of accompagnato recitatives which are accompanied by continuo and orchestral string section by use of long notes that are sustained and stressing sp ecific words (Robin, 1999). Instruments St Matthew Passion has a setting of two orchestras and two choirs and it include two Gamba, two flutes, and two oboe and basso continuo. Instruments create a particular mood in arias for example Aus Liebe will mein Heiland sterben which is #49 soprano arias where there is no security as a result basso continuo and string absence (Robin, 1999). Compositional style Recitatives create a mood Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-66924771218690763072020-02-01T22:28:00.001-08:002020-02-01T22:28:03.117-08:00The use of polygraph testing as evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 wordsThe use of polygraph testing as evidence - Essay Example Under these two conflicting issues, the question still remains, is the use of polygraph testing a sufficient evidence to pin down a suspicious character? Does it really work? This study will attempt to investigate various criticisms, researches and feedback to bring to light the importance of the polygraph testing machine. A polygraph means ââ¬Å"many writingsâ⬠of the physiological activities at the same time, a method done by its inventor, William Marston, in 1917. His claimed that he ââ¬Å"could reveal verbal deception by observing systolic blood pressureâ⬠.(EPIC, 2003) This claim was ruled out by the D.C. Court of Appeals stating that there was not enough scientific evidence to support the lie detector machine of Marston. A century later, another inventor came up with a new version of the lie detector machine. Leonard Keeler who invented a new version set up a school to train examiners, and eventually his version of polygraph machine was used in the legal investigations. A Polygraph machine is described as ââ¬Å"a machine that records the body to an examinerââ¬â¢s question in order to ascertain deceptive behavior. The test measures physiological data from three or more systems of the human body- generally, the respiratory, cardiovascular, and sweat gland systems-but not the voice.â⬠(EPIC, 2003). A separate testing is used for the voice. Polygraph system is generally used for investigations of private businesses, juridical and for law enforcements. Certain restrictions were however imposed for polygraph testing for employee protection, under the Employee Protection Act of 1988 (EPPA). Under the EPPA, a pre-employment polygraph test is not required, and an employer cannot be dismissed for refusal to take a polygraph exam. Under this rule also, certain criteria must first be met if ever an employer requests for a lie detector test for an employee. Several states have adopted this system, but safeguards and variations were Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-87602174274524291592020-01-24T18:51:00.001-08:002020-01-24T18:51:02.769-08:00One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Alexander Solzhenitsyn EssayAlexander Solzhenitsyn's purpose in episodes one and two of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich is to develop Ivan Denisovich Shukhov as a mediator for personal views and then to present those views on life, prison, and authority to the reader. This purpose is accomplished by the author's use of characterization, symbolism, and aphorism. The reader's knowledge of Shukhov is almost as restricted as the rules set forth in Shukhov's prison, and there is nothing that sets Shukhov apart from the rest of the prisoners. This allows the reader to focus less on him as a character and more on what he is intended to convey. The authorââ¬â¢s first use of characterization occurs in the quotation, "Shukhov never overslept reveille. He always got up at once, for the next ninety, until they assembled for work, belonged to him, not to the authorities" (17). Through this quotation, the reader recognizes how Shukhov is willing to partake in the many challenges set forth by authority, but still appreciates the time he can set aside for himself. This characterization of Shukhov shows that the author values the idea of self-awareness. This is essential further in the novel as seen when Shukhov reflects on the importance of mealtime or breaks as solely for one's self, which contrastingly reveals the extent in which authority has stolen time from the prisoners. Another example of characterization stems from the quotation, "Shukhov realized, as he had guessed on the way there, that he wasn't being sent to the guardhouse at allââ¬âit was simply that the guardroom floor needed scrubbing" (23). This quotation shows that Shukhov has an in-depth understanding of the operations within his prison and can be trusted by the reader to provide reliable exposure. The rea... ... the prisoners survived. This is necessary to understand for later in the novel when an importance is placed on one's ability to outsmart the authority in order to actually survive prison. For instance, when Shukhov tricks the cook in prison into giving his squad more dishes. By using aphorisms from Shukhov, Solzhenitsyn is able to express universal truths to discredit the communistic society around him, a personal view he wished to share on a global scale. Through the characterization of Shukhov, the use of symbolism, and the use of aphorisms, Solzhenitsyn is able to recognize Shukhov as a mediator of his personal views thus providing the reader with the observations that he has made as a prisoner himself. Works Cited Solzhenitsyn, Alexander. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. Trans. Ralph Parker. New York: E.P. Dutton, a Division of Penguin, 1963. Print. Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-1037398837780934072020-01-16T15:14:00.001-08:002020-01-16T15:14:04.578-08:00Fin Week CheckpointCheckpoint Trade credit is the most popular form of short term financing, figures show that over 40 ppercent of businesses use this form. Trade is also known as accounts payable. This form of short term financing happens when manufacturers or suppliers provide goods or services upfront to companies with the expectation of getting payment within 30 to 60 days from time of delivery.Usually suppliers may offer discounts if the receiving company makes payment within a specified period of time. This kind of short term financing would be chosen by businesses for many reasons such as the company may not readily have the cash on hand to purchase inventory. Bank Credit is another form of short term financing.This type of financing usually comes in the form of loans which normally have an agreement of repayment within 90 to 180 days, but companies can choose to have the loans renewed which can make them seem to be long term in nature. When banks issue bank credit they may have stipulations for their borrowers such as paying service fees or maintaining minimum balances in their accounts.A company may choose this type of short term funding when it may need emergency cash on hand for extra inventory or repairs. Commercial paper is another form of short term financing, this kind of funding is acquired by companies issuing promissory notes in increments of $25,000 or more. Only very large companies use this type of short term financing. Large companies would use commercial paper to get funding plant expansions new equipment. Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-2644905734772976542020-01-08T11:37:00.001-08:002020-01-08T11:37:02.685-08:00Social Media Contributions Against Gender Based Violence Women Uniting on the Web: Social Media Contributions Against Gender-Based Violence in Turkey Ozgecan Aslan lost her life while taking the bus home when the bus driver ââ¬Å"allegedly bludgeoned her with a crowbar, stabbed her to death, and cut off her hands to hide the evidenceâ⬠(Khazan 2015, 1) because she resisted rape. According to a UNICEF report, ââ¬Å"globally, women aged between fifteen and forty-four are more likely to be injured or die as a result of male violence than through cancer, traffic accidents, malaria and war combinedâ⬠(Vlachova 2005, 5). Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global problem. GBV includes any act of verbal or physical force, and life-threatening actions that may result in ââ¬Å"physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to womenâ⬠(United Nations, Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women). GBV includes legal exploitation, forced abortion, forced marriages, child marriages, hymen repair, genital mutilation, abduction for marriage, rape, honor suicides, and honor killings as the most extreme. My paper will ill ustrate the issues that are prevalent in Turkey in regard to gender-based violence towards women, share stories of victims and survivors, and analyze the way womenââ¬â¢s rights activists are using social media to raise awareness and eliminate unjust customs. I approach this project from an emancipatory research perspective where I will share and promote opportunities for others who read my paper to engage with and support the women in TurkeyShow MoreRelatedGender Normalcy1287 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Media and Gender Normalcy: How the Media Establishes Dangerous Gender Roles What is Gender Normalcy and How the Media Establishes it In simplest terms, normalcy is the state of being normal. Likewise, gender normalcy is what is expected from each gender in our society due to the gender roles that we have learned from the media, our ancestors, and our society as a whole; the media, however, is the main agent of gender normalcy. The media is able to establish what is normal for each gender dueRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Reality1128 Words à |à 5 PagesProfessor Fox Sociology I August 6, 2015 Social Construction of Reality Reality does not exist externally, but they do internally, as it is because each individual or group could interpret it differently and it is always changing. Reality is not really an objective that are being imposed on us but we actually create it. Conley defined social construction as ââ¬Å"an entity that exists because people behave as if it exists and whose existence is perpetuated as people and social institutions act in accordance withRead MoreA Personal Revolt Against The Rising Rape Culture Essay1564 Words à |à 7 PagesPREFACE This project begun as a personal revolt against the rising rape culture and sexual assaults in India when three of my closest female friends got sexually assaulted in Delhi this May. 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Nonetheless, what often goes unacknowledged are the stories of those female immigrant youths, Pachucaââ¬â¢s or female gang members, who have rejected societies beliefs to construct new identities centered around hyper-masculine Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-50240382737242738742019-12-31T08:02:00.001-08:002019-12-31T08:02:03.968-08:00Benevolence Sexism And Its Impact On Women s Accomplishments Ideologies surrounding benevolence sexism are constructed on a basis of doubt; for instance a woman being appraised for her accomplishments, while highlighting the disbelief that she can accomplish that specific task. Benevolence sexism gives rise to positive attitude towards womenââ¬â¢s accomplishments, while placing a gender gap on what they are able to accomplish, when compared to men. According to, Viki Abrams (2002), Benevolent sexism is any form of expressive acts that are discriminatory towards women, but appear to be positive and gratifying. According to Glick and Fiske (1996), benevolence sexism can be a bad thing, in spite of all the positive feelings it indicates for the perceiver. Although these attitudes and comments directed towards women are meant to highlight their achievements, they evidently create an invisible barrier on what a woman is capable of accomplishing, and what she isnââ¬â¢t. A man can perform a job without any disbelief that he can accomplish it, but when a woman performs that same task, the rewards and positive feelings that arise from this accomplishment is guarded with a sense of doubt and disbelief; the doubt and disbelief perpetuates the appraisal of the woman, something that is less evident for a man. According to Glick and Fiske (1996 ), the culture in which a women lives in can create feelings that are directed towards her. For example society views women as ââ¬Å"naturallyâ⬠kind, Research shows that, North American toddlers asShow MoreRelatedVirtue: Comparing the Views of Confucius and Aristotle Essay2072 Words à |à 9 Pagesof Confucius and Aristotle, the views on virtue. The paper will examine the craft and artistic accomplishments these two philosophers mastered. Furthermore, the paper will explore and compare the two views. Achievements and Accomplishments: What types of achievements did Confucius and Aristotle do? Teachings by Confucius and Aristotle Conclusion: The achievements and accomplishments of Confucius and Aristotle were similar in the way that both were in the same era, yet differentRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-89477354187548953672019-12-23T03:49:00.001-08:002019-12-23T03:49:03.342-08:00Essay on Level 3 Childrens and Young Peoples Workforce... Assignment Overview Introduction This assignment is intended to provide evidence of a candidateââ¬â¢s knowledge and understanding of children and young peopleââ¬â¢s development birth to 19 years. By completing all tasks within the assignment, the candidate will provide evidence that meets the Learning Outcomes and assessment criteria for Unit 022, Understand Child and Young Person Development. Tasks There are five tasks to this assignment. A Complete tables; Questions B Complete table; Report C Report D Report E Complete table Assignment coverage Task | Task name | Learning outcomes covered | A | A Complete tables; Questions | 1. Understand the expected pattern of development for children and young people birth ââ¬ââ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦| 3 ââ¬â 6 months | Able to start noticing mobiles and other objects around them and is able to coordinate more. | 6 ââ¬â 9 months | Is able to understand signs e.g a bib means food is coming and they know that an object exists when they are out of sight. | 9 ââ¬â 12 months | Beginnng to have an understanding of routine daily sequences and is able to imitate actions and sounds after an event is finished. | 1 ââ¬â 2 years | Is able to follow simple instructions and understands they names of objects. Also they learn things by trial and error. | 2 ââ¬â 4 years | Is able to understand cause and effect and has improved memory skills. Takes part in non-competitve games and enjoys music and joins in singing and dancing. | 4 ââ¬â 7 years | Is able to re cognise own name when it is written down and is able to establish differences between what is real and what is unreal. | 7 ââ¬â 12 years | Includes more detail in their drawings, begins to devise memory strategies and enjoys projects that are task-orientated. | 12 ââ¬â 16 years | Prefers to spend leisure time with friends, is thinking about possibilities and thinking ahead. | 16 ââ¬â 19 years | Thinking beyond conventional limits, is able to think ahead and is able to thinks about their ownShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Absenteeism in a Selected Field Services Section Within an Electricity Utility in the Western Cape31415 Words à |à 126 Pagesbiographical questionnaire as well as a Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) to identify their levels of job satisfaction. 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C-31 BPââ¬âMobil and the restructuring of the oil refining industry C-44 Compaq in crisis C-67 Gillette and the menââ¬â¢s wet-shaving market C-76 Incat Tasmaniaââ¬â¢s race for international success: Blue Riband strategies C-95 Kiwi Travel International Airlines Ltd C-105 CASE 8 Beefing up the beefless Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-39634425905643564152019-12-15T00:18:00.001-08:002019-12-15T00:18:04.514-08:00Despite the Potential Advantages Free Essays string(133) " of formal strategic planning approaches, it is of limited benefit to organisations operating in uncertain and dynamic environments\." Discuss the proposition that despite the potential advantages of formal strategic planning approaches, it is of limited benefit to organisations operating in uncertain and dynamic environments. You read "Despite the Potential Advantages" in category "Essay examples" About this discussion, I would like to introduce two steps. First step, I want to introduce the potential advantages of formal strategic planning approaches. We will write a custom essay sample on Despite the Potential Advantages or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then I will introduce the second step: some important reasons about the formal strategic planning is of limited benefit to organisations operating in uncertain and dynamic environments. Finally, the main purpose of this paper is to prove the formal strategic planning is of limited benefit to organisations operating in uncertain and dynamic environments. My conclusion will emphasize it again. First, how should we understand the formal strategic planning? The objective of the formal strategic planning is to convey that a companyââ¬â¢s strategic planning process includes specific systematic procedures used to gain the involvement and commitment of those principal stakeholders affected by the plan (J. Richard Falshaw, Keith W. Glaister, Ekrem Tatoglu, 2006). What is the purpose of strategic planning? Generally, formal Strategic planning is an organizationââ¬â¢s process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to carry on this strategy. In order to determine the direction of the organization, it is necessary to know its current position and the possible ways through which it can pursue a particular course of action strategic planning do with at least one of three key questions: ââ¬Å"What do we do? â⬠ââ¬Å"For whom do we do it? â⬠and ââ¬Å"How do we excel? (J. Scott Armstrong, 1986) OK, I have a simple introduction about the character and purpose of formal strategic planning. Then we must make clear about the structure about formal strategic planning approaches. There is common view about strategic planning researchers that the strategic planning process consists of three major parts: (1) Formulation (which includes developing a mission, sett ing major objectives, assessing the external and internal environments, and evaluating and selecting strategy alternatives). (2) Implementation. (3) Control. J. Richard Falshaw, Keith W. Glaister, Ekrem Tatoglu, 2006). Some famous formal strategic planning approaches include SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), Balanced Scorecards, Scenario planning, PEST analysisà (Political,à Economic,à Social, andà Technological), STEER analysis (Socio-cultural,à Technological,à Economic,à Ecological, andà Regulatory factors). What are potential advantages of formal strategic planning approaches? Generally, formal planning has these advantages: 1. Formal plans represent a useful standard. . It is fully formulated; communicated plan is an important motivational device. 3. The analysis and survey by all those participating in the planning process is useful and can improve the companiesââ¬â¢ understanding of itââ¬â¢s position. 4. Plans which swift actions in anticipation of future changes in the environment is a better approach to strategic management than an advertisement to events. Take me for example, for 20 years, contradictions between the planning and process schools of strategy have shaped the debate on strategy planning. Here we illustrate that a scenario-based approach to strategic planning can serve as a new management tool in the field with the potential to overcome differences between the two opposing schools of strategy. The scenario-based approach to strategic planning builds on the strengths of traditional scenario planning. It is an open and creative approach that considers many strategy options and takes multiple perspectives into account. Synchronously, it overcomes the weaknesses of traditional scenario planning by offering a systematic process to scenario creation that is built on specific management tools and is easy to implement. The outcome of this approach is an important strategy that is complemented by several strategic options derived from different scenarios (Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner , 2010). Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner (2010) illustrate the benefits of scenario-based approach using experience gained in a consulting project in the German photovoltaic industry. And they further proof that the approach can thus be used in an extremely flexible way to account for the increasing volatility of environmental developments. These advantages of our approach are apparent in the illustrative case study presented. By combining traditional scenario planning, strategic thinking, real-option reasoning and strategic planning, this approach makes the intricacy, dynamics and volatility of the current business world manageable. On the other hand, the approach can be applied for different time horizons. Our project experience leads us to believe that the approach increases the effectiveness and efficiency with which strategic planning can be conducted in practice (Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner , 2010). I have illustrated Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabnerââ¬â¢s research about Scenario planning, so we can make clear about the potential advantages of formal strategic planning approaches. About the limited benefit to organisations operating in uncertain and dynamic environments, I think there is a lot of evidence to prove this case. The major change for managers is guaranteeing competitiveness as well as profit capacity for their companies in turbulent environments. The rate of change in the business setting has never been as fast as it is currently (Grant, 2003). In Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabnerââ¬â¢s research, they also think What formal strategic planning seems to be lacking most is the flexibility and open system that allow for the responsiveness and creation required in dynamic, complex and uncertain environments (Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner , 2010). In the environment of globalization, the world is changing more and more rapidly. Managers must face a series of unexpected events. For example, like financial crisis, economic downturn and Arab Spring. Each incident and formal strategic planning approaches in test managers. In the past, plan researchers have not concentrated on uncertain settings. The majority of the existing devices in strategic management unreservedly presume a benign environment that is basic yet not very dynamic. (Harrington, Lawton and Rajwani, 2005). For firms to thrive in an uncertain future, they have to develop realistic strategies on the basis of many options that react to the prerequisites of various likely futures opposed to one strategic guarantee. (Grant, 2003). So how to treat the formal strategic planning is of limited benefit to organisations operating in uncertain and dynamic environments? In this essay, ââ¬Å"A causal analysis of formal strategic planning and firm performance: Evidence from an emerging countryâ⬠, the nature of the external environment (difference from very uncertain and unstable to certain and stable) will influence the organization structure made by the companies. It is argued that in uncertain and dynamic environments the most effective organization structures start to be more organic when in stable and more certain environments more artificial structures will be received (Keith W. Glaister et al, 2008). Although some studies have found that certain parts of strategic planning are relative with performance, theory also predicts that these relations will be influenced by external environment. If one of the purposes of strategic planning is to point the organization in its association with the external environment, so organizations that precisely project and estimated environmental changes should display an extraordinary or specific level of performance. In this sense strategic planning may be more useful in an uncertain environment than a calm one. So the relative between planning and performance may be stronger in an uncertain environment, and weaker in a calm environment. There exist, however, some opposite arguments that strategic planning is more likely to have a positive influence on firm performance in relatively less uncertain environments where future conditions are easier to anticipate(J. Richard Falshaw, Keith W. Glaister, Ekrem Tatoglu, 2006 ). About a companyââ¬â¢s future development, the external environment of the strategic analysis is very important. Robert M. Grant referred this point in his essay ââ¬Å"Strategic Planning in a Turbulent Environment: Evidence from the Oil Majorsâ⬠, First, a view of the external environment: This typically included guidance as to some characters of energy markets over the planning period? -For demand, supply, prices, and margins? -which were not so much forecasts as a set of assumptions relating to prices and supply and demand conditions that provided a common basis for strategic planning across the firms. Second, corporate management provided most direction to the planning process through a statement of priorities, guidelines, and expectations. A key part of this direction was setting company wide performance targets (e. g. , ââ¬Ëraise return on capital employed to 12%,ââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëreduce costs per barrel by 10%,ââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëa 110% reserve replacement rate,ââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëreduce the ratio of debt to equity ratio to 25% by 2000ââ¬â¢). Guidance often concern to resource allocation, e. g. , ââ¬Ëto shift investment from downstream to upstream,ââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëto refocus on core businesses,ââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëto take advantage of opportunities in China and East Asia,ââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëto increase the proportion of gas in our hydrocarbon reserves (Grant, 2003). In the process of management of the company, what is the role of analytical formal planning in dynamic environment? Different people have different views; Grant thought strategic planning is a responsible. Increasing volatility and indeterminacy of the external environment was accompanied by two changes in strategic planning responsibilities: first, a shift of decision-making responsibility from corporate to business-level managers; second, a shift of planning responsibilities from planning staff to line managers (Grant, 2003). There is other view; Hamel and Prahalad argue that the role of strategy should be not adapting an existing industry structure but rather to change it. â⬠They see the role of competitive creation as identifying the orthodoxy in a present strategy and redefining the terms of engagement to exploit this orthodoxy. And the emerging Infocom mega-industry provides an interesting laboratory for testing the adequacy of existing frameworks for competitive strategy. They are not designed to deal with the kind of turbulence that we are witnessing in this industry. Strategists may have to assume a low role in dealing with turbulence. When being a pioneer and an innovator will help, it is not enough. Investing in and growing a customer base can strengthen the chances of success, but success in the end is determined by industry forces outside the companiesââ¬â¢ control. ââ¬Å"Co with the flowâ⬠is not an inspiring strategy but perhaps the best a company can do when face turbulence (Chakravarthy B, 1997). Each method is not a panacea. Although formal strategic planning approaches have many advantages, it also makes limited benefit, like Scenario planning. However, the approach has only been applied in a few companies to date. Therefore, research on a larger scale is necessary to determine the performance of the scenario-based approach to strategic planning (Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner , 2010). Evidence of the impact of environmental turbulence upon strategic planning is limited. Cross sectional studies have produced contradictory findings. Long evidence is fragmented, but more consistent: in response to increasing environmental turbulence, strategic planning systems actually have changed from the highly formalized processes of the 1960s and 1970s (Grant, 2003). In conclusion, formal strategic planning approaches indeed have a huge potential advantage. Some famous formal strategic planning approaches include SWOT analysis, Balanced Scorecards, Scenario planning, PEST analysis and STEER analysis have many advantages. If companies do not have strategic planning, it is bound to be about to disappear. If companies ignore the strategic planning, it is bound to be lagging behind the development of enterprise. According to previous research and study about strategic planning, strategic planning can mobilize workers to actively increase the cohesion. It also can make enterprises competitive mechanism enhanced. Strategic planning can be summed insufficient and the shortfall, it is an important measure in the steady development of enterprises. Iââ¬â¢ve used a lot of evidence fully proved these points. About the formal strategic planning is of limited benefit to organisations operating in uncertain and dynamic environments, I also have used many evidences and examples to prove it. In general, with the development of the times, companies as an open system, it focuses on the external environmental factors there will be more and more, more and more diversified development trend, and thus the external environment faced by the enterprise will become more complex and uncertain. Even Scenario planning, Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner have pointed it had many potential advantages. They also said,in an increasingly complex, dynamic and volatile world ,Scenario planning has only been applied in a few companies to date (Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner , 2010). Finally, I must emphasize once again, in the environment of globalization, the world is changing more and more rapidly. Managers must face a series of unexpected events. In a word, formal strategic planning approaches indeed have many potential advantages; it is of limited benefit to organisations operating in uncertain and dynamic environments. References J. Richard Falshaw, Keith W. Glaister, Ekrem Tatoglu, ââ¬Å" Evidence on formal strategic planning and company performanceâ⬠(2006) Management Decision, Vol. 44 Iss: 1 pp. 9 ââ¬â 30 Hugh G. Courtney, Jane Kirkland, and S. Patrick Viguerie, ââ¬Å"Strategy under uncertaintyâ⬠. (1994) Keith W. Glaister, Omer Dincer, Ekrem Tatoglu, Mehmet Demirbag, Selim Zaim, (2008),â⬠A causal analysis of formal strategic planning and firm performance: Evidence from an emerging countryâ⬠, Management Decision, Vol. 46 Iss: 3 pp. 365 -391 Robert M. Grant ââ¬Å"Strategic Planning in a Turbulent Environment: Evidence from the Oil Majorsâ⬠Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 24, No. 6 (Jun. , 2003), pp. 491-517 Selsky et al. , 2007. Contrasting Perspectives on Strategy Making in Hyper Environments. Organization Studies, 28(1), pp. 71-94. J. Scott Armstrong (1986). ââ¬Å"The Value of Formal Planning for Strategic Decisions: A Replyâ⬠Strategic Management Journalà 7: 183ââ¬â185. Chakravarthy B, ââ¬ËA New Strategy Framework for Coping with Turbulenceââ¬â¢ Sloan Management Review, Winter 1997 Torstenwulf Philip Meissner and Stephan Stabner ââ¬Å" A scenario-based Approach to Strategic Planning-Integrating Planning and Process Perspective of strategyâ⬠(2010) http://www. scenariomanagement. de/fileadmin/user_upload/Scenario-based_strategic_planning_WP. pdf Harrington, D. , Lawton, T. Rajwani, T. 2005. Embracing and Exploiting Industry Turbulence: The Strategic Transformation of Aer Lingus. European Management Journal, 23(4), pp. 450ââ¬â457. Bibliography Johnson G, Scholes K, Whittington R, Exploring Corporate Strategy 8th Edition, 2008 ââ¬â Chapter 2 Campbell D, Edgar D, Stonehouse G, Business Strategy 3rd Edition, 2011, Palgrave ââ¬â Ch 3 How to cite Despite the Potential Advantages, Essay examples Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-19053551128762087752019-12-06T20:40:00.001-08:002019-12-06T20:40:03.736-08:00The Responsibility Of The HR Team Of An Organization â⬠Free Samples Question: Discuss about the Responsibility Of The HR Team Of An Organization. Answer: Introduction Human Resource management is one of the most essential departments in an organization and it paves way for creating an efficient workforce for the organization (Cascio 2018). The responsibility on the HRM team is huge and the line manager has to look towards the entire process of the HRM team and formulate the steps that will be followed (Alfes et al. 2013). In case of a dearth of employees, if new ones are taken in then it is mandatory that the entire process is systematic and with a routine. The chosen organization for the report is Author Abode (imaginary), which is an organization for writers and the report will present the recruitment process it uses for the organization. It is an organization that deals with clients who order for essays on various topics to the company and the essays are both academic and creative in nature. Discussion Recruitment and Selection The company posts advertisements on the online space and when CVs are submitted, they are evaluated and then the selected candidates are contacted. The job advertisements are also given out to the various employment agents or consultants and candidates apply from such sources. The selected candidates are called up to the office premise for an interview and writing tests in order to understand the writing skills they have. As it is a writers agency, the most emphasis is given on the writing skills of the candidates and the grasp they show over the grammatical aspects of the language. The interview is taken after the candidates pass the written test and in the interviewer then assesses the candidate based on how the individual answers during the interview. The recruitment is done after this stage is complete and candidates are taken into service by a selection call that goes from the company to the candidate in the next 48 hours (Berman et al. 2012). Induction The induction is a process that is an essential part of the entire HRM system that is prevalent in an organization. The process is actually a presentation session that is taken up with the new recruitments on their first day of work. This presentation session briefs the new comers about the company and the history of the organization (Le 2015). The organizational chain is explained to them and the hierarchies of the posts in the office are explained to them. The newcomers are introduced with the managers in the organization and they are informed of the various policies that are prevalent in the organization. Human resource managers are responsible for the redundancies, grievance issues, disciplinary issues, compliance, employment law, industrial relations, benefits, compensation, career development, training, recruitment. The main job of a human resource manager is to stay up to date with the recent changes in the employment law and the latest employment trends (Bratton and Gold 2017 ). Training The new candidates who are appointed are provided a training week so that they can understand the work which they will be dealing with once they complete the training process (Keep 2014). The training is very essential as it ensures that the newcomers are efficient in their work and know all the basics of the tasks that will be allocated to them. Author Abode is an agency of writers and they work on writing essays for various clients. The essays have selective structure and format and hence the training process teaches the newcomers about the various formats and styles that are used in the company. The training ensures that once the new recruitments start handling clients on their own, they deliver the best of the solutions to them so that the company retains the good reputation it has in the existing market (Ford 2014). Posts involved For the entire selection and recruitment process to take place, it is essential that specific duties are assigned to some of the employees in the organization. The HRM team is provided with added responsibilities and the task is divided between them. The breakdown of the posts involved in the entire process are provided below- Human Resource manager The most important and active role has to be played by the HR manager of the organization and the individual has to be very effective in bringing in new talents that will incur profits to the organization in the future. The HR manager is the individual who is responsible for posting the advertisements online and making up the calls following the CVs that are submitted on for the job. Each of the CV that has been submitted needs to be evaluated and then the selection process shall start after a concrete list of individuals are made whose CVs are deemed suitable for the job. There are one or more HR managers in an organization; it is based on the size and scale of the operations of the organization. Author Abode has 3 HR managers in working and each of them has a different role to play in the entire recruitment process. While the head of HR deals with process that follow the selection stage. The other two of the managers are assigned with the duty to select the candidates and take thei r written tests before the interview. The head of HR is the person who takes the final round of interview after the candidates clear the written test. The head HR questions them and checks the confidence and knowledge depth of those candidates before finally appointing some of the bests in the organization among the others. The head of HR is also the one who is responsible for taking the induction session with the newcomers and make them aware of the various rules and regulation of the company. The complete description of the work process and official part of the work is explained to them by the HR in the induction process (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). Trainer The trainer is assigned with the most responsible duty of making the new recruits aware of the entire work style and process of the job they had applied for and were selected to do. The trainer is an experienced part of the company and it is the duty of the individual to make sure that each of the newcomers is trained in accordance to the work pattern that is being followed in the organization (Sung and Choi 2014). Author abode is an organization that offers writing services to its clients and hence the trainer has the added responsibility of making the new comers aware of the quality of work which they are expected to deliver. The trainer helps the candidates to work on various assignments and makes sure that they get acquainted with the work and learn from the mistakes which they will be doing in the initial days (Jeffcoat and Kelly 2014). Conclusion The responsibility of the HR team of an organization is enormous and the line manager is responsible for creating the action plan of the team. The works of both of them have to be well aligned in order to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. The people who are recruited have to be of some quality and this has to be kept in check by the HR managers who are endowed with the responsibility. Ultimately it is the production of the organization that will reach out to the market and hence the people who will be appointed for the purpose should actually be productive and bring in the best of resources into the company. The success of a company largely rests upon the kind of human resource strategy they use and the progress they make in recruiting the best from the rest. References Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E.C., Rees, C. and Gatenby, M., 2013. The relationship between line manager behavior, perceived HRM practices, and individual performance: Examining the mediating role of engagement.Human resource management,52(6), pp.839-859. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Berman, E.M., Bowman, J.S., West, J.P. and Van Wart, M.R., 2012. Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and problems. Sage. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2017. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave. Cascio, W., 2018.Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Ford, J.K., 2014. Improving training effectiveness in work organizations. Psychology Press. Jeffcoat, H. and Kelly, K., 2014. Training the trainer. Incite, 35(4), p.21. Keep, E., 2014. Corporate training strategies: the vital component?.New Perspectives, pp.109-125. Le, P.T., 2015. Human resources development: induction programs-difficulties, impacts and solutions. Sung, S.Y. and Choi, J.N., 2014. Do organizations spend wisely on employees? Effects of training and development investments on learning and innovation in organizations.Journal of organizational behavior,35(3), pp.393-412. Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-20961303539299118932019-11-29T08:42:00.001-08:002019-11-29T08:42:04.192-08:00Example of Resume and Practical Application Letter free essay sample On behalf of the School of Business and Economics, I submit herewith an application for the student mentioned below to conduct his/her industrial training under your esteemed organization. The industrial training program is one of the course requirements for student to complete their Bachelor of Business (with honors) degree at University Malaysia Sabah. For your information, the placement should last for 3 months from 24 June 2013 to 13 September 2013. The main objective of this placement is to expose the student to the working environment in the corporate world, of which can be explained further by the attached ââ¬Å"Program Objectivesââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢. The following student (enclosed CV) is majoring in Entrepreneurship: 1. BB1011xxxx ALIA UMAIRA BINTI MOHD RAFI (I/C NO: 901228-01-xxxx) For further information, please do not hesitate to contact any number of the practicum coordinator during office hours. In addition, below are few other objectives with regard to practical training: o To brief the trainees the roles and task performed as well as to prepare daily/weekly schedule. We will write a custom essay sample on Example of Resume and Practical Application Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page o To improve the trainees understanding on the companyââ¬â¢s roles and contribution towards the industry. o To provide opportunity for trainees to be involved in the organization operation management and other activities such as briefing/seminars, workshops, exhibition and etc. o To improve communication and public relation techniques in order to enhance better relationship within the company as well as the customers. Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-54830748648849175902019-11-25T14:34:00.001-08:002019-11-25T14:34:05.172-08:00Bigot, The All-Purpose InsultBigot, The All-Purpose Insult Bigot, The All-Purpose Insult Bigot, The All-Purpose Insult By Maeve Maddox Bigot, a word usually associated with religion, has expanded its meaning considerably. Its original sense was ââ¬Å"a person who shows excessive religious zeal, a religious hypocrite.â⬠Here are some (unedited) examples of its current use: Obama: Close-Minded Economic Bigot Sailor Calls Romney a ââ¬Ënarrow-minded bigotââ¬â¢ Jehmu Greene: Portrait of Black Bigotry Liberals are some of the most bigoted people in America There are simple minded bigots on both sides of the isle. Kirstie Alley Slams Leah Remini as a Bigot After Anti-Scientology Remarks Elisabeth Hasselbeck flung a hefty tar ball in the direction of Joy Beharon Tuesday mornings The View Hot Topics segment, calling the carrot-topped co-host a bigot. [Arne] Duncans a bigot, a bully, an elitist and a foot-in-mouth fool all rolled into one The word bigot has been in the language since the Middle Ages. Of uncertain origin, it entered the language from French and quickly became a term of abuse. In modern usage, bigot, together with its other forms, bigotry and bigoted, is not confined to religious contexts. These definitions from the OED and Merriam-Webster illustrate the expanded usage. bigot: noun. a fanatical adherent or believer; a person characterized by obstinate, intolerant, or strongly partisan beliefs. OED bigot: noun. a person obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his or her own opinions and prejudices; especially: a person who regards or treats the members of a group (such as a racial or ethnic group) with hatred and intolerance. Merriam-Webster Bigot is a strong word, especially useful in todayââ¬â¢s close-minded social and political climate. Its force is diluted by speakers who employ it as a knee-jerk term of abuse to fling at anyone who merely voices a different opinion on some matter. opinion: a view held about a particular issue; a judgement formed or a conclusion reached; a belief; a religious or political conviction. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesTry to vs. Try andNeither... or? Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-69203080977438247952019-11-21T21:58:00.001-08:002019-11-21T21:58:03.560-08:00Reducing Binge Drinking among Teens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsReducing Binge Drinking among Teens - Essay Example Since teenagers are the ones who decide the future of a nation, binge drinking habits should be regulated at any cost. Educating teenagers about the consequences of binge drinking, social norms marketing and alcohol screening for college students etc are some of the effective methods which can be utilized for reducing binge drinking among teenagers. School and college curriculum should be revised thoroughly to teenagers about the consequences of binge drinking. Prevention is better than cure. It is better to educate the teenagers before they start their binge drinking behaviour than treating them after they start their binge drinking habits. Hanson (2007) has mentioned that social norms marketing technique has repeatedly proven effective in reducing the use and abuse of alcohol among young people. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s based on the fact that the vast majority of youths tend to drink -- or drink more -- than they would otherwise, in an effort to ââ¬Å"fit inâ⬠(Hanson, 2007). Youth s have a habit of spreading false data about the quantity of alcohol consumed by them in order to get recognition among peers. They often treat youths who consume more alcohol as heroes. In order to eliminate such false beliefs, it is better to convey them messages through social norms marketing. Internet, teenagerââ¬â¢s favourite television programs, print media etc can be utilized for conveying the messages against binge drinking to the teenagers. Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-215503063157893132019-11-20T17:41:00.001-08:002019-11-20T17:41:05.647-08:00Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 32Reading response - Essay Example The amazing thing is that most of the ideas extended by the original work and its critics are in the nature of fictitious blames and lack any substantial material to base them on. The article also shows how the nation has a long standing history of being scared of minorities and diversity. It was not without a reason that the book, The Awful Disclosures of Maria Monk won an avid readership, not only in her days, but even today. The irony that the American masses do have a history of being afraid of the foreign and the different does ensue from this article. The writer in a way does succeed in bringing out the fact that the work The Awful Disclosures of Maria Monk did intend to present the Catholic Church as a symbol of evil and it strongly intended to present the Catholic priesthood as embodiment of carnal pleasures and immorality. The author brings out the fact that Maria Monks never resided in a Catholic convent and that her mental capacities and morality were never beyond doubt. There is other side of the coin also. It is obvious that the writer Ruth Hughes is a Catholic and intends to unravel the lying and falsehood resorted to by Maria Monks and her supporters, to debase and vilify the Catholic Church. However, while doing so, Hughes did fail many times to show the kindness, compassion and forgiveness that so typically define the Catholic faith. Instead one is resorting to the kind of aggressive and base tactics that were resorted to by oneââ¬â¢s opponents. Ruth Hughes is trying to do away with the accusation made by Maria Monks and her supporters by vilifying their character and sense of morality and ethics. It would have been much saner if Hughes had come down on this vilification of the Catholic by taking a higher ground. This would have presented oneââ¬â¢s faith to the readers in a more favorable and benign light and would have brought out the irresponsible Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-57373543873147249582019-11-18T17:43:00.001-08:002019-11-18T17:43:03.079-08:00Import and Export Markets in the United Kingdom Essay - 1Import and Export Markets in the United Kingdom - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the United Kingdom produces a vast amount of products for exports and imports a wide range of electronics, food, oil, and other consumer goods. The use of higher technology manufactured goods has caused a dramatic increase in both exports and imports. However, the recent financial crisis experienced around the world has led to a decline in imports and exports. In 2009, UK imports and exports totaled to $1,256 billion, which was equivalent to 4.3 of the world trade. The financial crisis has caused a rise in exchange rates of a sterling pound, which has caused an 8.6% decrease in exports and 9.1% decrease in imports (Great Britain, 2009). Over the past ten years, the UK has been a net oil exporter, but production has been decreasing consistently over the past years. The oil industry has recorded an average decrease of 5.3% per year in exports. This has converted the UK from an oil export to an oil import land. Oil production in the regio n is less than demand, which calls for supplements through increased imports. Imports of other energy sources such as coal, electricity, and gas have increased over the past five years. In 2010, the importation of liquefied natural gas increased to account for 35% of total gas imports, while gas exports have decreased slightly over the same period. Gas has also been increasingly used for electricity supply with the amount required increasing by 47%. Changes in the financial sector affect business sentiments and investment decisions, which are linked to global trade. Data service exports at the start of 2007 were about 30 billion pounds while imports were about 33 billion pounds. Mid 2008 recorded the peak imports and exports at 40 billion and 34 billion pounds respectively. The rate of imports and exports of data services decreased consistently since 2008 reaching a low of 32 billion in imports and 29 billion in exports in mid-2009. However, an increase was recorded towards the end of 2010 with imports and exports reaching 41 and 35 billion respectively. Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48187904820909395.post-11684763760264475652019-11-16T06:15:00.001-08:002019-11-16T06:15:03.807-08:00History of Domestic Violence and Legislation in the UKHistory of Domestic Violence and Legislation in the UK Literature Review Definition of domestic violence Domestic Violence is a phenomenon affecting many societies directly and indirectly around the world; and somehow, after many years of research not a single definition describes this phenomenon adequately yet. Defining domestic violence can be very difficult, as it is a broad term used to describe a range of behaviours and has a multiplicity of meanings to different people in different contexts (Burton, 2008). Domestic violence usually begins as an isolated abusive incident, however, when the abuse is repeated and becomes a constantly abuse, it is defined as ââ¬Å"batteringâ⬠(McCue, 2008). Physical is not the only form of domestic violence. Psychological and emotional violence are common forms of domestic violence as well (Lowenstein, 2005) and therefore the government has widened the definition of domestic violence to cover psychological intimidation and controlling behaviour and at the same time, recognising that domestic violence occurs in younger peopleââ¬â¢s intimate relationships (Walker and Gavin, 2011), applying to victims under the age of 18 as well: ââ¬Å"any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16 or over who are, or have been, intimate partners or family members regardless of gender or sexualityâ⬠. This includes psychological, physical, sexual, financial and emotional abuse (Home Office, 2013). The new Home Office definition express controlling behaviour and coercive behaviour. Controlling behaviour is a reach of acts intended to make an individual subordinate or dependent by separating them from any kind of support, not allowing them to obtain personal gain by controlling and regulating their everyday move and behaviour. Coercive behaviour is an act of assault, threats, humiliation and intimidation or other abuse that is used to harm, punish, or frighten their victim (Home Office, 2013). As an example, The Supreme Court held in Yemshaw v. Hounslow London Borough Council [2011] that domestic violence was not confined to physical violence but extended to threatening or intimidating behaviour and any other form of abuse being applied directly or indirectly (Miles, 2011). Domestic violence and abuse is not regarded of age, class, wealth, education, gender, race or any other determinant. Domestic violence is as likely to be happening to a lawyer, a doctor, a teacher, or even a police officer (Gaz, 2012). History of domestic violence Domestic violence has existed for many years and has very long historical roots and it has been establish in the inequality between men and women in society (Hague and Malous, 1998). Historically, abuse to wife has been viewed as normal which was part of marriage, something that women should expect and tolerate when being married (Erez, 2002). In the mid-1800s most legal systems accepted wife beating as a valid exercise of a husbands authority over his wife, using the ââ¬Å"rule of thumbâ⬠established by Sir Francis Buller, known as ââ¬ËJudge Thumbââ¬â¢ meaning that a husband could beat his wife with a stick not thicker than his thumb (Womenââ¬â¢s aid, 2008) and it was allowed by the old British Common Law (Dipty, 2009). Only towards the end of the twentieth century, in the 1970ââ¬â¢s, that domestic violence had been defined as a crime, justifying intervention by the criminal justice system (Erez, 2002). Legislations Pre-1970s In the 1500s, ââ¬Å"the Golden Age of the Rodâ⬠had been used against women in the United Kingdom who were taught that it was their sacred duty to obey the man of the house and during this time, violence against wives was ample. Mid-1800s, the Code of Hammurabi decreed that a wife was subservient to her husband and that he could inflict punishment on any member of his household for any transgression (WomenSafe, 2002). Around the same time in Britain, a husband had absolute power to chastisement his wife in order to implement domestic discipline (ICADV, 1999). During that time, there was no laws to criminalize violence against wives regardless of such assaults being included within the 1861 Offences Against the Person Act, the judges did very little and sometimes did nothing to address chastisement of wives (Summers Hoffman, 2002, p.31). In the late 1800s, having the Queen Elizabeth in the throne, new reforms for women were established, some of which included that wives could no longer be kept locked and beatings that could cause life threatening were treated as a ground for divorce (Cumbee Center). The introduction of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1878 helped victims of violence in marriage to obtain separation orders if their husband was convicted of aggravated assault (Summers Hoffman, 2002) and in 1882, the Womanââ¬â¢s Property Act, allowed wives to obtain full control over their own money and property (Parliament). Second-wave feminism In 1960s and 1970s, there was a massive comeback of feminist activity, in conjunction with the womens liberation movement. This period has been called the Second Wave of feminism, having the first wave from 1848 to 1920, when women won the right to vote (Cree, 2008). The Second Wave of feminism developed in the United States, West Europe, Australasia and Japan. However, it started in small local female groups in the United Kingdom, aiming to campaign similar private problems they all shared ( ) such as equal rights in employment, education, public and private lives and of course campaigning against rape and domestic violence (Cree, 2008) and it was then when domestic violence started to emerge as a significant issue, being recognised as a major social problem needing for political response and remedies (Summers Hoffman, 2002). The great movement established networks for support, analysing and comparing womens roles and relationships in society and defined a set of demands for the social and economic equality for women (Mendes, 2009). The womenââ¬â¢s movement campaign was so successful that women were able to gain a stronger voice and become a strong image for the public eye, therefore a series of laws were introduced to aid women equality, such as the Equal Pay Act 1970 granting equal wages for both women and men (Mendes, 2009). Post-1970s The womenââ¬â¢s movement was so successful that it helped with several legislations development (Hughes, 2010). There has been considerable changes in the national policy of domestic violence in the United Kingdom in the past 30 years (Matczak et al, 2001) made by the local government authorities which began to undertake and develop actions on domestic violence, and it was all mainly in response to the high demand from groups and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) for the housing, social services and court and police protection for domestic violence victims (Ashworth). Some of the legislations development included the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 which was passed outlawing sexual discrimination in the workplace and the Domestic Violence Act was passed in 1976 allowing married women to access court order to prevent further violence and to have the right to stay at home without the abuser (Hughes, 2010). Womens Aid was also developed as a result of the womens liberation movement and as all women gathered together, the big concern of violence at home as well as other types of abuse, including sexual abuse became highlighted. Before Womenââ¬â¢s Aid, the organisation was the first Womens Aid federation which was set up in 1974, to provide practical and emotional support as part of the different services available to women and children experiencing violence (Womenââ¬â¢s Aid). The 1970s brought three vital items of legislations, the Domestic Violence Matrimonial Proceedings Act 1976, which provide the police with powers of arrest for the breach of injunction in cases of domestic violence and allowed women to obtain the right to stay at the matrimonial home, the Domestic Proceedings Magistratesââ¬â¢ Courts Act 1978, which amend the use of injunctions to prevent further violence in the home and the law relating to matrimonial proceedings in magistratesââ¬â¢ courts and the Housing (Homeless Persons) Act 1977, which refers to persons who are homeless or threatened with homelessness which helped domestic violence victims with re-housing (UK Legislations). The acts were meant to produce legal remedies, however, the ways in which they were enforced meant that battered women continue to be inadequately protected leaving criminal law broadly untouched in terms of the protection of victims and the punishment of perpetrators of domestic violence (Summers Hoffman, 2002). However, in 1993 the Crown Prosecution Service, published a comprehensive guide for all staff to be able to deal with domestic violence cases adequately even is a victim decides to withdraw the request for prosecution which tends to happen occasionally as a result of intimidation or fear by the abuser (Ashworth). Furthermore, legislative reforms took place in the 1990s, Part IV of the Family Law Act 1996 being the most significant one which improved the protective orders available to domestic violence victims under the civil law (Burton, 2008). The Family Law Act 1996 Part IV which is now the main piece of legislation providing remedies under the civil law for victims of domestic violence (Burton, 2008) provides the victim with a statutory ââ¬Ëhome rightââ¬â¢ meaning the victim cannot be evicted from the home unless there is a court order (Welstead Edwards, 2011). Throughout the period between 1997 and 2010, the principle arrangement of policy and legislation on domestic violence was being enforced based on prevention, protection and justice and allowing support to victims of domestic abuse to be established at local and national level (Matczak et al, 2011). Up to dated In 1986, the Home Office published the first circular regarding domestic violence called ââ¬Å"Violence against womenâ⬠which made it clear that it was obligatory for the police to ensure the safety of women and children at domestic deputes (Applegate, 2006) but it wasnââ¬â¢t until 1992 that both the Home Office Circular 60/1990 and the Association of Chief Probation Officers declared domestic violence to be a crime, given law enforcement agencies the power to punish the abuser (Kury Smartt, 2006). However, it did not make much of a change to the policy (Applegate, 2006). It was not until 2005 when the Domestic Violence Crime and Victims Act 2004 was introduced, that put some of these issues addressed by the criminal law and when some changes to the policy where actually made. The Act aims to increase the safety of domestic violence victims by providing the police with enormous power to approach and deal with domestic violence in better ways, establishing a new offence called ââ¬Å"familial homicideâ⬠which provides the power of arrest for minor offences of common assault and linking some criminal and civil remedies (Womenââ¬â¢s aid) and for the criminal justice, there is a statutory code of practice to ensure they provide support and protection to victims of domestic violence (Applegate, 2006). While the law itself does not distinguish between a domestic violence victim and a person who gets attack by a stranger in the streets, in practice the victims of domestic violence rarely obtain the lawââ¬â¢s protection (Elliot Quinn, 2012). Unlike in some jurisdictions from other countries such as the United States, there is no specific offence of domestic violence in the United Kingdom, instead, there are a variety of criminal offences including sexual and physical assault, harassment offences and the crimes related to homicide, which can be applied in a case of domestic violence (Paradine Wilkinson, 2004) Today, the government is fully committed to tackle domestic violence in the United Kingdom in every possible way by allowing violence and abuse to be treated seriously by courts and the criminal justice system (Summers Hoffman, 2002). The governmentââ¬â¢s strategy to tackle domestic violence is based on three elements; prevention, protection and justice, and support (Blunkett, 2003). The government provides some of these elements by implementing local domestic violence conventions where the police, social services, housing services, probation, health services, legal professionals, and many other voluntary agencies gather and work together to tackle domestic violence at local level (Matczak et al, 2011). Although, there have been implementations of local domestic conventions and domestic violence units as well as many multi-agencies that work together to tackle domestic violence and changes in legislation and police policy, there are still some major concerns of how domestic violence is being dealt today. In 2012, around 1.2 million women suffered domestic abuse, over 400,000 women were sexually assaulted, less than 1 in 4 suffered abuse from their partners (Home Office, 2013) and on average, two women are being killed a week by a partner or former partner (CAADA, 2013). Furthermore, the police have been majorly criticised for failing to respond to domestic violence properly by not recording incidents as crimes (Paradine Wilkinson, 2004) with a 30% of domestic violence incidents reported to the police but not taken into actions and only 4% of reported incidents resulting in a conviction (Womenââ¬â¢s aid) and they have been also criticised for not making arrests and failing to enforce civil injunctions (Paradine Wilkinson, 2004). For these reasons, in September 2013, the Home Secretary has commissioned Her Majestyââ¬â¢s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) to carry out an inspection into how police forces are responding to domestic violence and the review will be exanimating the performance of all forces around England and Wales and report back to the Home Office in April 2014. In the meantime, chapter 2.4 and 2.5 will be looking at the reporting and non-reporting of incidents and how the police is responding to domestic incidents after the establishment of domestic violence units were introduced across the country, and assess the changes in police policy and practice over the past years including the ââ¬Ëpro-arrestââ¬â¢ policy which aims to reduce the number of domestic violence cases discontinued by the police or the Crown Prosecution Service (Hoyle Sanders, 2000). References Applegate, R.J., 2006. Changing local policy and practice towards the policing of domestic violence in England and Wales. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies Management. 29 (2): 368 ââ¬â 383. Blunkett, D., 2003. Safety and Justice: The Governmentââ¬â¢s Proposals on Domestic Violence. Home Office. Norwich. Burton, M., 2008. Legal responses to Domestic Violence. Oxon: Routledge-Cavendish. CAADA (Co-ordinated Action Against Domestic Abuse). 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Available from: http://www.womensaid.org.uk/domestic-violence-articles.asp?itemid=1815itemTitle=A+historical+perspectivesection=00010001002200410001sectionTitle=Articles:+domestic+violence. [Accessed 4th February 2014]. Womenââ¬â¢s aid. Our history [online]. Womenââ¬â¢s aid. Available from: http://www.womensaid.org.uk/page.asp?section=0001000100190004 [Accessed 4th February 2014]. Women Safe, 2002. Overview of Historical Laws that Supported Domestic Violence [online]. Women Safe. Available from: http://www.womensafe.net/dv/dvlaws.html. [Accessed 3rd February 2014]. Maryjane Monkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06753187439474025436noreply@blogger.com0