Responsible Executive Compensation for a New Era of Accountability Essa

Pay and the Chief Executive Officer Official pay has gone under expanding examination in late writing in the wake of the developing exposure encompassing administrative disappointments and official personal responsibility. Monetary specialists have for quite some time been analyzing the issue of adjusting the presentation of officials to their pay rates and advantages. Open discontent with the obvious top-greatness of the pay structure has carried this issue into the spotlight all through the business world. Specialists point to the defects of customary installment plans and offer various arrangements. Investor esteem and the achievement of the firm can be fundamentally influenced by official execution. Consequently, understanding the focal points and expenses of the present patterns in official pay is essential to the pay advisory group of a Fortune 500 partnership. The remuneration advisory group has a troublesome assignment upon its shoulders. It must build pay programs that draw in and hold the best ability to address the individual organization’s needs. It must structure a procedure that creates predominant returns for financial specialists, properly measure administrative execution, and organization a compensation practice which is reasonable for the two workers and investors and which truly drives business results (Mercer p.4). There is copious hypothesis and research on the techniques thought to achieve these objectives, and the rising patterns in official pay appear to be profoundly effective. The developing open reactions of ultra-high official compensation are not unwarranted. As indicated by Mr. Meizhu Lui, â€Å"the proportion of CEO pay as a numerous of normal specialist pay has developed hugely, from 41 to 1 of every 1960 to 411 to 1... ...a Resource Consulting. (Jan. 26, 2004). â€Å"Responsible Executive Compensation for a New Era of Accountability.† Perspective. Recovered October 14, 2006, from http://www.mercerHR.com/responsibleEC Mercer Human Resource Consulting. (Aug. 9, 2004.). Handling the Challenge of Aligning Pay with Performance. Point of view. Recovered October 14, 2006, from http://www.mercerHR.com/point of view. Parrino, Robert. (2002). Rewrapping the bundle: Managerial motivators and corporate administration. Texas Business Review, 1(5). Recovered Sept. 27, 2006, from the Business and Company Resource Center database. Traichal, Patrick A., George W. Gallinger, and Steve A. Johnson. (1999). The connection between pay-for-execution contracting and outside observing. Administrative Finance, 68(21). Recovered Sept. 27, 2006, from the Business and Company Resource Center database.

Existentialism in Camus and Kafka Essay

Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis and Albert Camus’ The Outsider, both element heroes in circumstances out of which emerge existentialist qualities. Existentialism is a way of thinking that underscores the uniqueness and separation of the individual involvement with a threatening or aloof universe, sees human presence as unexplainable, and stresses opportunity of decision and duty regarding the results of one’s acts. In The Metamorphosis the hero, Gregor Samsa, understands his existentialism towards the finish of the novella. Interestingly, Monsieur Meursault, the hero in The Outsider, is aware of his existentialism, just understanding his life’s absence of significance minutes after he is condemned to death. In spite of the to some degree ridiculous nature of The Metamorphosis, and the practical idea of The Outsider, comparative qualities are imparted to the peruser. The least demanding to choose being that it is dependent upon the person to make his/her own life, and that the brutal conduct introduced by the two heroes will in the long run lead to awful things; to be specific demise in the two novellas. These passings are, be that as it may, altogether different, just like the techniques through which Kafka and Camus have made every novel only 'a way of thinking put into images’. Meursault (the storyteller) in The Stranger just observes and just needs to see the unadulterated truth in the public arena. The reader’s first experience with him†¦ Mama kicked the bucket today. Or on the other hand yesterday perhaps, I don’t know. I got a message from the home: â€Å"Mother perished. Burial service tomorrow. Dependably yours. † That doesn’t mean anything. Perhaps it was yesterday. †¦ quickly gives an impression of an absence of feeling towards the downfall of his mom. This absence of feeling features the existentialist perfect that we as a whole bite the dust, so it doesn’t matter what life we have while we are alive. We essentially exist, as did Meursault. It gets obvious, as the novella unfurls, that Meursault has procured a creature like lack of interest towards society. His connections with his neighbor Raymond are a case of his lacks of interest. It never sunrises upon Meursault that society doesn't approve his connections with the pimp, kept away from by his locale. Meursault basically acts to occupy his time. Being a solitary man, he has a ton of time to fill, and finds the ends of the week passing especially gradually. While the scene passes gradually before Meursault, Camus’ content streams rapidly. He utilizes short sharp sentences to pass on a climate without feeling or feeling. This is particularly compelling between pages 21 and 24, toward the finish of section two, when Meursault is giving a graphic story of the life outside his window on a normal Sunday. He parts of the bargains '†¦ one more Sunday was over†¦ nothing had changed. ‘ Existentialism is available in almost all of Meursault’s cooperations with society. One such bit of proof supporting Meursault’s existentialism is his communication with Marie. His affiliation is simply sexual and physical. Meursault utilizes Marie to assist him with sitting back: he goes through a whole Saturday with her. At the point when examined regarding adoration and marriage, Meursault’s answers show lack of concern through their nothingness. Meursault is existentialist to the degree that he couldn’t care less about the way his life (or absence of one) takes. The peruser is continually barraged with short expressions uncovering perpetually Meursault’s useless point of view toward a useless presence. Instances of this come as Meursault keeping himself to just one room in his condo, his obliviousness to social desires, his careless recognizable proof with old Salamano and his pooch, and in particular his negligence for human life and the ramifications for its expulsion. As referenced in the above meaning of existentialism, it focuses on the duty regarding ones own activities. When Meursault comes to preliminary for slaughtering the Arab, he at last understands that he can’t assume the liability. This is the principle defining moment undoubtedly in The Outsider. Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis is similarly as philosophical. The novella is composed as a representation, with a solid feeling of distinctive authenticity. The allegory is for any circumstance wherein somebody attempts to break free shape a social standard, just to fall; neglecting to persuade the general public that his/her activity is simply. The hero, Gregor Samsa, brought society against him when he scrutinized his life as a voyaging sales rep. Social desires had taken care of him, yet he chose, despite the fact that the peruser may accept subliminally, that it was not the spot for him. His desire to expel every social weight from his shoulders is first delineated to him through his change into a 'tremendous vermin. ‘ The hero was the storyteller in The Outsider, a man who recounted to the account of his downfall from existentialism, just to discover he required an actual existence not long before his odds were removed. The Metamorphosis, then again, is described on the third individual, where the peruser gets a fair perspective on Gregor Samsa’s endeavors to get existentialist. Where Camus utilized short 'to the point’ articulations to show existentialism, Kafka has filled his novella with brilliant engaging strict language, trying to bring up the profundity in any circumstance, for example, Gregor’s many wriggling legs, his representation of his room getting ever littler and perpetually flat, and the clear nature with which the deadly apple becomes held up in Gregor’s back and in the end permits him to pass on. The Outsider’s Meursault is existentialist, finding a requirement for an importance to life just when his is going to be taken. In The Metamorphosis, Gregor Samsa, then again, has a significance to his life, and wishes it away. The steady move towards existentialism in Kafka’s novella runs all through, from the second Gregor awakens as a bug; until the second he breaths no more. Gregor shows that he realizes his life has meaning when toward the start of the novella he is progressively worried about how he will satisfy his social reason than what he will do about being a bug. Albert Camus said that 'we start living before getting the propensity for intuition. In that race which day by day rushes us towards death, the body keeps up its unsalvageable lead. ?In The Metamorphosis, Gregor considers his position, tossing his body into alarm, inevitably prompting his passing. As Gregor is additionally avoided by society for not acclimating, spoke to in the novella significantly by Gregor being a compost insect among people, he begins to overlook any sliver of importance his life can have. He looks past his space for an importance to life, however the further he contemplates, the harder society hits him. 'You will never be cheerful in the event that you keep on looking for what satisfaction comprises of. You will never live on the off chance that you are searching for the significance of life. ?Gregor understood his existentialism taking him over, as he gave his life to the fate he had for it made. Having perused the two novellas, a peruser could arrive at the decision that both component a positive topic of existentialism, while The Outsider is focused on a hero who perceives the need to change from existentialism, and The Metamorphosis around one that perceives existentialism’s nearness in the public eye. Toward the finish of each, the hero either bites the dust or is anticipating passing. The passings are realized by a predetermination the Meursault thought he couldn’t change, and Gregor brought upon himself. Meursault acknowledged past the point of no return that he wouldn’t have the option to assume liability for his activities. It was just when he was constrained by the preliminary to dive into his memory (something that he had little use for as an existentialist) that he perceived how he had formed his own end. Life had importance to him at that point, and his was: †¦ just to wish that there be an enormous horde of observers the day of my execution and that they welcome me with cries of detest. Gregor Samsa permitted his life to end after understanding that he was liberated from society, yet in addition that existentialism rendered him pointless. Prior to his demise, his 'apathy to everything was excessively profound for him to have jumped on his back and scoured himself clean†¦ ?From Gregor’s perspective, Franz Kafka was right in saying 'A first indication of the start of comprehension is the desire to bite the dust. ‘ The finish of The Outsider sees a man prepared to begin once more, however prepared past the point of no return. The finish of The Metamorphosis, in any case, serves not exclusively to permit the Samsa family an opportunity to begin once more, yet additionally to feature that in any event, following Gregor’s horrendous experience his family will get Gregor’s sister through a similar procedure that lead Gregor to his demise. Gregor’s sister’s life is given an importance, and the peruser frequently trusts that she remembers it and regards it. The Metamorphosis features that one must take part in social collaboration to have an importance throughout everyday life, while depicting the dreary misery of an actual existence dictated by social association. The Outsider, then again, follows a thought that unobtrusively not adjusting will just damage oneself. An existentialist may contend that to hurt oneself would not make any difference, in harming oneself (particularly the manner by which Meursault did by executing the Arab); one is giving one’s life a significance. Regardless of whether that importance is fortitude, the desolation will in any case end one day, as it is bound to, expelling all significance from all life. The two novellas give a legitimate blueprint of existentialism, and give, in the two cases, existentialism the negative property that it prompts passing. The creators were both exceptionally respected by their individual friends. Camus was existentialist, and Camus alluded to Kafka as an absurdist-existentialist. Both have delivered works uncovering the troubling truth of existentialism, yet not one or the other

Snuff Types and Health Risks

Snuff Types and Health Risks Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes Print Snuff Types and Health Risks By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on February 22, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 11, 2020 Bill Hinton Photography/Moment Open/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Snuff comes in a dry form and in a wet or moist form.  Additionally, there is a creamy snuff,  which is less popular than the other forms. Dry Snuff Dry snuff is a powdered tobacco product that involves curing or fermenting selected tobacco leaves which are then ground down into a fine powder. Traditional  fine snuff was a product that highlighted the taste of different tobacco blends only, but most of what is sold today have a scent or flavor added as well. Common flavors include coffee, chocolate, plum, camphor, cinnamon, rose, mint, honey, vanilla, cherry, orange, apricot. Even flavors like whiskey, bourbon, and cola can be found. Most snuff is then tucked away for a period of time to allow the flavors to settle and develop before being  sold. Dry snuff is snorted or sniffed into the nasal cavity, where it sends a hit of nicotine into the bloodstream quickly.?? This action often produces a sneeze, but those experienced in the practice would tell you that sneezing is the sign of a beginner. Wet Snuff Snus This is a Swedish moist snuff product that is sold in little packets.  The snuff is slipped between the upper lip and gums where it sits, mixing with saliva and leaching nicotine-containing tobacco juice into the mouth.  Most snus packets contain about 30 percent tobacco and 70 percent water and flavorings.?? Dipping Tobacco (Dip) This is an American snuff product that is also moist. It is comprised of ground-up or loose bits of shredded tobacco that users take a pinch of to place between cheek and gum. As the juice builds up, its either spit out or swallowed. Chewing Tobacco (Chew) Chewing tobacco comes in a few different forms:  loose, leaf, pellets and plugs. Some are flavored and/or sweetened, and all forms of it are chewed to release tobacco juices. Both dip and chew tobacco are discarded, not swallowed when finished. Creamy Snuff Sold in toothpaste tubes, creamy snuff is meant to be applied to the gums by rubbing it on with the finger or toothbrush. It is then left in place for a few minutes before the spitting out the tobacco-laden saliva it produces. Creamy snuff is made up of tobacco paste, clove oil, glycerin, and mint flavorings. Its used mainly in India by women as a toothpaste to clean the teeth. Creamy snuff is addictive, just like any other snuff product. Who Uses Snuff? Snuff has a long history of use. Mayan snuff containers dating to AD 300-900 have been found. Snuff has turned up in numerous cultures and time periods elsewhere in the world, from South America to Spain and other parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. John Rolfe, husband of Pocahontas introduced commercially manufactured snuff to North America in the early 1600s.?? Following a period of time where snuff was frowned upon and banned by the Pope and a couple of French Kings, it regained popularity with French, English, and even American aristocrats. Interestingly, the U.S Congress passed the first federal excise tax on tobacco products in 1794. A tax of 8 cents was applied to snuff and represented 60 percent of the cost of a container of it. Smoking and chewing tobacco were not included in this tax. James Madison opposed it, saying it deprived poorer people of innocent gratification. Today, snuff is still available in smoke shops throughout Europe. It is regulated in the same way as other tobacco products, including age restrictions. In the United States, snuff is not popular, so is not as easily obtained. It can be found in specialty smoke shops and online. Health Risks   All forms of snuff put users at risk for nicotine addiction.?? Oral snuff can attract a multitude of oral problems, including leukoplakia, receding gums, tooth loss, and oral cancer.?? Chronic abuse of dry snuff leads to morphological and functional changes in the nasal mucosa. Users are also exposed to carcinogens in the tobacco; using snuff may increase the risk of head and neck cancer.?? Is Snuff a Good Alternative to Smoking? While snuff doesnt contain tar or any of the toxic gases produced by burning cigarettes, all forms do  have nicotine and users will become addicted because of that. Snuff tobacco also contains tobacco-specific nitrosamines  (TSNAs), thought to be some of the most potent carcinogens in tobacco.?? The best possible choice is to avoid all tobacco products completely.  If youre addicted to nicotine, use the resources here to help you quit now.  Addiction never just fades away on its own, so be proactive and kick it out of your life.  You wont regret it.

Obstacles of Fathers in the United States - 1610 Words

The purpose of this article is to better understand the outlooks, levels of engagement, and obstacles of fathers in the United States. The authors noted that fathers who participated in this survey range between the age of 18 and older. This telephone survey consists of fathers themselves answering questions related to their own fatherhood roles. Further, this article presents the results of the hundreds of American men promoting behaviors, such as agreeing or disagreeing about being involve, cohabitating or married to the child or children mother. This child may be an adoptive or biological child. The dilemma that is exposed in this research argues that a young father compared to an older father, is relative different with the religion†¦show more content†¦Demographically, over 90% of the participants strongly agreed that fatherhood is crucial in our society. A little over 47% of fathers, that encouragement from the mothers of their children matters because of the obstacles they faced with finance, and their duties on the job. The final results of marital status statistics is over 80% married fathers, nine percent divorced, and six percent never married. One surprising statistic was 90% cohabitate with the mother and focal child (Glenn Popenoe, 2006). In sequential order, what were the major steps in performing the study? The significant step in performing this multivariate analysis is measured from the best possible results from these fathers. In regards to the results, the father opinions of their performance as a father really matters in performing this study. These questions were asked in a statement form of agreeing, strongly, agree, or somewhat agree or disagree of various percentages of a responsible father in the United States. 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The United States Political System - 567 Words

Mankind has always undergone trends in a cyclical manor. However, as society presses forward, the relative minima and maxima tend to break the threshold at an increasing rate meaning that what would be considered normal is shortly lived. Today we live in a society where factions divide the nation in their plight to achieve an organized force of ideas. The Political parties of the modern era have become far more organized and are no longer looking to support ideas but are ever hungry to maintain and gain political power rather than represent a people’s voice. Our democratic republic relies on the organized and informed voter to maintain a balance of control between the people and the government. 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Thomas states, The most important lobbying forces in any society are the various entities of government: national, regional, and local government agencies and institutions such as the military (Thomas). The role of an interest group in the United States and/or Texas political system is creating a relationship with the staff of congress. This relationship provides a window

Normal Distribution Free Essays

Finda)P(Z gt; 2. 58),b)P(Z lt; -1),c)P(-1. 5 ( Z lt; 5) Ans : a) P( Z gt; 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Normal Distribution or any similar topic only for you Order Now 58) = 0. 0049 ( 4 decimal places) b) P ( Z lt; -1) = 0. 1587 ( 4 decimal places) c) P ( -1. 5? Z lt; 5) = P ( -1. 5 lt; Z lt; 5) = (0. 5- 0. 0668) + ( 0. 5 -0) = 0. 9332 ( 4 decimal places) 2. Find the value of z if the area under a Standard Normal curve a)to the right of z is 0. 3632; b)to the left of z is 0. 1131; c)between 0 and z, with z gt; 0, is 0. 4838; d)between -z and z, with z gt; 0, is 0. 9500. Ans : a) z = + 0. 35 ( find 0. 5- 0. 3632 = 0. 1368 in the normal table) b) z = -1. 1 ( find 0. 5 – 0. 1131 = 0. 3869 in the normal table) c ) the area between 0 to z is 0. 4838, z = 2. 14 d) the area to the right of +z = ( 1-0. 95)/2 = 0. 025, therefore z = 1. 96 3. Given the Normally distributed variable X with mean 18 and standard deviation 2. 5, find a)P(X lt; 15); b)the value of k such that P(X lt; k) = 0. 2236; c)the value of k such that P(X gt; k) = 0. 1814; d)P( 17 lt; X lt; 21). Ans : X ~ N ( 18, 2. 52) a) P ( X lt; 15) P ( Z lt; (15-18)/2. 5) = P ( Z lt; -1. 2) = 0. 1151 ( 4 decimal places) b) P ( X lt; k) = 0. 2236 P ( Z lt; ( k – 18) / 2. ) = 0. 2236 From normal table, 0. 2236 = -0. 76 (k-18)/2. 5 = – 0. 76, solve k = 16. 1 c) P (X gt; k) = 0. 1814 P ( Z gt; (k-18)/2. 5 ) = 0. 1814 From normal table, 0. 1814 = 0. 91 (k-18)/ 2. 5 = 0. 91, solve k = 20. 275 d) P ( 17 lt; X lt; 21) P ( (17 -18)/2. 5 lt; Z lt; ( 21-18)/2. 5) P ( -0. 4 lt; Z lt; 1. 2) = 0. 8849 – 0. 3446 = 0. 5403 ( 4 decimal places) 4. In a sample of 25 observations from a Normal Distribution with mean 98. 6 and standard deviation 17. 2, find: Ans: a) n = 25, [pic] = ( = 98. 6, [pic] = /n = 17. 2/(25 = 3. 44 [pic]( N (98. 6, 3. 442 ) Prob = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P( (92-98. 6)/3. 44 lt; Z lt; (102-98. 6)/3. 44 ) = P( -1. 92 lt; Z lt; 0. 99) = 0. 8116 b)the corresponding probability given a sample of 36. Ans: b) n = 36, [pic] = ( = 98. 6, [pic] = /n = 17. 2/(36 = 2. 87 [pic]( N (98. 6, 2. 872 ) Prob = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P( (92-98. 6)/2. 87 lt; Z lt; (102-98. 6)/2. 87 ) = P( -2. 30 lt; Z lt; 1. 19) = 0. 8723 ( * or 0. 8703 if rounding for 2. 87) 5. An X-ray technician is taking reading from her machine to ensure that it adheres to federal safety guidelines. She knows that the standard deviation of the amount of radiation emitted by the machine is 150 units, but she wants to take readings until the standard error of the sampling distribution is no higher than 25 units. How many reading should she take? Ans: Let X be the readings of radiation emitted by the machine. [pic] = /n = 150(n we want to find n such that 150/(n = [pic] ( 25 ( (n ( 6 ( n ( 36 She should take at least 36 readings. 6. Peter, researcher for a coffee corporation, is interested in determining the rate of coffee usage per household. He believes that yearly consumption per household is normally distributed with an unknown mean and a standard deviation of about 1. 25 pounds. a)If Peter takes a sample of 36 households and records their consumption of coffee for 1 year, what is the probability that the sample mean is within one-half pound of the population mean? Ans: Let X be the yearly consumption of coffee per household. n = 36, [pic]=( = ? , [pic] = /n = 1. 25(36 = 0. 2083 [pic]( N ([pic], 0. 20832 ) a)Prob = P(( – 0. 5 lt; [pic] lt; ( + 0. 5) = P(- 0. 5/[pic] lt; Z lt; 0. /[pic]) = P( -0. 5/0. 2083 lt; Z lt; 0. 5/0. 2083 ) = P( -2. 4 lt; Z lt; 2. 4) = 0. 9836 b)How large a sample must be taken in order to be 98 percent certain that the sample mean is within one-half pound of the population mean? Ans: n = ? ,[pic] = /n = 1. 25/(n P(( – 0. 5 lt; [pic] lt; ( + 0. 5) = 0. 98 ( P(-0. 5 lt; [pic]- ( lt; +0. 5) = 0. 98 ( P( -0. 5/1. 25/(n lt; Z lt; +0. 5/1. 25/(n ) = 0. 98 From Normal Table, we have P(-2. 33 lt; Z lt; 2. 33) = 0. 98 ( 0. 5/1. 25/(n = 2. 33 ( n = 33. 93 ( at least 34 households. How to cite Normal Distribution, Papers

Normal Distribution Free Essays

Finda)P(Z gt; 2. 58),b)P(Z lt; -1),c)P(-1. 5 ( Z lt; 5) Ans : a) P( Z gt; 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Normal Distribution or any similar topic only for you Order Now 58) = 0. 0049 ( 4 decimal places) b) P ( Z lt; -1) = 0. 1587 ( 4 decimal places) c) P ( -1. 5? Z lt; 5) = P ( -1. 5 lt; Z lt; 5) = (0. 5- 0. 0668) + ( 0. 5 -0) = 0. 9332 ( 4 decimal places) 2. Find the value of z if the area under a Standard Normal curve a)to the right of z is 0. 3632; b)to the left of z is 0. 1131; c)between 0 and z, with z gt; 0, is 0. 4838; d)between -z and z, with z gt; 0, is 0. 9500. Ans : a) z = + 0. 35 ( find 0. 5- 0. 3632 = 0. 1368 in the normal table) b) z = -1. 1 ( find 0. 5 – 0. 1131 = 0. 3869 in the normal table) c ) the area between 0 to z is 0. 4838, z = 2. 14 d) the area to the right of +z = ( 1-0. 95)/2 = 0. 025, therefore z = 1. 96 3. Given the Normally distributed variable X with mean 18 and standard deviation 2. 5, find a)P(X lt; 15); b)the value of k such that P(X lt; k) = 0. 2236; c)the value of k such that P(X gt; k) = 0. 1814; d)P( 17 lt; X lt; 21). Ans : X ~ N ( 18, 2. 52) a) P ( X lt; 15) P ( Z lt; (15-18)/2. 5) = P ( Z lt; -1. 2) = 0. 1151 ( 4 decimal places) b) P ( X lt; k) = 0. 2236 P ( Z lt; ( k – 18) / 2. ) = 0. 2236 From normal table, 0. 2236 = -0. 76 (k-18)/2. 5 = – 0. 76, solve k = 16. 1 c) P (X gt; k) = 0. 1814 P ( Z gt; (k-18)/2. 5 ) = 0. 1814 From normal table, 0. 1814 = 0. 91 (k-18)/ 2. 5 = 0. 91, solve k = 20. 275 d) P ( 17 lt; X lt; 21) P ( (17 -18)/2. 5 lt; Z lt; ( 21-18)/2. 5) P ( -0. 4 lt; Z lt; 1. 2) = 0. 8849 – 0. 3446 = 0. 5403 ( 4 decimal places) 4. In a sample of 25 observations from a Normal Distribution with mean 98. 6 and standard deviation 17. 2, find: Ans: a) n = 25, [pic] = ( = 98. 6, [pic] = /n = 17. 2/(25 = 3. 44 [pic]( N (98. 6, 3. 442 ) Prob = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P( (92-98. 6)/3. 44 lt; Z lt; (102-98. 6)/3. 44 ) = P( -1. 92 lt; Z lt; 0. 99) = 0. 8116 b)the corresponding probability given a sample of 36. Ans: b) n = 36, [pic] = ( = 98. 6, [pic] = /n = 17. 2/(36 = 2. 87 [pic]( N (98. 6, 2. 872 ) Prob = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P(92 lt; [pic] lt; 102) = P( (92-98. 6)/2. 87 lt; Z lt; (102-98. 6)/2. 87 ) = P( -2. 30 lt; Z lt; 1. 19) = 0. 8723 ( * or 0. 8703 if rounding for 2. 87) 5. An X-ray technician is taking reading from her machine to ensure that it adheres to federal safety guidelines. She knows that the standard deviation of the amount of radiation emitted by the machine is 150 units, but she wants to take readings until the standard error of the sampling distribution is no higher than 25 units. How many reading should she take? Ans: Let X be the readings of radiation emitted by the machine. [pic] = /n = 150(n we want to find n such that 150/(n = [pic] ( 25 ( (n ( 6 ( n ( 36 She should take at least 36 readings. 6. Peter, researcher for a coffee corporation, is interested in determining the rate of coffee usage per household. He believes that yearly consumption per household is normally distributed with an unknown mean and a standard deviation of about 1. 25 pounds. a)If Peter takes a sample of 36 households and records their consumption of coffee for 1 year, what is the probability that the sample mean is within one-half pound of the population mean? Ans: Let X be the yearly consumption of coffee per household. n = 36, [pic]=( = ? , [pic] = /n = 1. 25(36 = 0. 2083 [pic]( N ([pic], 0. 20832 ) a)Prob = P(( – 0. 5 lt; [pic] lt; ( + 0. 5) = P(- 0. 5/[pic] lt; Z lt; 0. /[pic]) = P( -0. 5/0. 2083 lt; Z lt; 0. 5/0. 2083 ) = P( -2. 4 lt; Z lt; 2. 4) = 0. 9836 b)How large a sample must be taken in order to be 98 percent certain that the sample mean is within one-half pound of the population mean? Ans: n = ? ,[pic] = /n = 1. 25/(n P(( – 0. 5 lt; [pic] lt; ( + 0. 5) = 0. 98 ( P(-0. 5 lt; [pic]- ( lt; +0. 5) = 0. 98 ( P( -0. 5/1. 25/(n lt; Z lt; +0. 5/1. 25/(n ) = 0. 98 From Normal Table, we have P(-2. 33 lt; Z lt; 2. 33) = 0. 98 ( 0. 5/1. 25/(n = 2. 33 ( n = 33. 93 ( at least 34 households. How to cite Normal Distribution, Papers